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Tuberculosis entre los refugiados indochinos en los Estados Unidos

K E Powell, E D Brown, L S Farer

|March 18, 1983

Resumen

Los refugiados indochineses tenían tasas de tuberculosis significativamente más altas, 30-200 veces mayores que la población de los Estados Unidos. Se sugirió un sobrediagnóstico, pero los casos confirmados seguían siendo sustancialmente elevados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.

Sus antecedentes:

Un número significativo de refugiados indochinos se reasentaron en los Estados Unidos en 1979-1980.
La tuberculosis (TB) es un gran problema de salud mundial, particularmente en ciertas poblaciones de refugiados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la incidencia y las características de la tuberculosis entre los refugiados indochinos en los Estados Unidos.
Para comparar las tasas de TB en los refugiados con la población general de los Estados Unidos.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los datos de los programas estatales de control de la tuberculosis.
La inclusión de 262.602 refugiados indochinos que entraron en los EE.UU. en 1979-1980.
Examen del diagnóstico de la TB, la terapia preventiva y las tasas de confirmación bacteriológica.

Principales resultados:

Aproximadamente el 1,5% de los refugiados tenían TB al ingresar o a fines de 1980; el 18% recibió terapia preventiva.
Los casos de tuberculosis de los refugiados constituyeron el 5,3% de los casos nacionales durante 1979-1980.
Las tasas de incidencia de TB específicas por edad y sexo fueron 30 a 200 veces más altas en los refugiados que en la población estadounidense.
La confirmación bacteriológica fue menor en los refugiados (26%) frente a otros pacientes (79%), lo que sugiere un sobrediagnóstico.
Las tasas de tuberculosis confirmadas aún eran 14-70 veces más altas en los refugiados.

Conclusiones:

Los refugiados indochinos experimentaron una incidencia de tuberculosis sustancialmente mayor en comparación con la población general de los Estados Unidos.
Si bien puede ocurrir un sobrediagnóstico, la tuberculosis confirmada bacteriológicamente sigue siendo significativamente elevada en esta población.
Las intervenciones específicas de salud pública y el cribado son cruciales para las poblaciones de refugiados.

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