Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: May 12, 2026

11:27
Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
Published on: June 28, 2014
La formación cruciforme en un ADN superenrolado negativamente puede estar prohibida cinéticamente bajo condiciones
Cell
|July 1, 1983
Resumen
Las estructuras cruciformes en el ADN superenrolado son estables, pero se forman lentamente. Esta formación cruciforme de ADN es extremadamente lenta en densidades fisiológicas superhélicas, lo que requiere la desestabilización del emparejamiento de bases para velocidades más rápidas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La biofísica es la biofísica.
- Genética La genética.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las cruciformas de ADN son estructuras de ADN no B formadas a partir de secuencias palindrómicas.
- Su estabilidad y formación están influenciadas por el superenrolamiento del ADN y las características de la secuencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la estabilidad termodinámica y la formación cinética de ADN cruciforme en un derivado de pBR322.
- Para comprender la influencia de la densidad superhélica en la estabilidad cruciforme y las tasas de formación.
Principales métodos:
- Estudió la formación cruciforme en un derivado pBR322 con un 68 pares de bases perfecto palíndromo.
- Analizó los cambios de energía libre en el ADN relajado y superenrolado utilizando técnicas biofísicas.
- Examinó la cinética de la formación cruciforme bajo diversas densidades superhélicas y condiciones desestabilizadoras de emparejamiento de bases.
Principales resultados:
- En el ADN relajado, los cruciformes son termodinámicamente inestables (aprox. 17 kcal mol-1 energía libre).
- En el ADN superenrolado (densidad superhélica ≥ 0,03), las cruciformes se convierten en las especies estables.
- La formación cruciforme es extremadamente lenta en densidades nativas súper helicoidales (aprox. -0.06) sin desestabilización del emparejamiento de bases.
Conclusiones:
- Las cruciformas de ADN son estables en el ADN superenrolado, pero su formación es cinéticamente limitada bajo condiciones fisiológicas.
- La activación artificial o la desestabilización del emparejamiento de bases es necesaria para la rápida formación de cruciformes.
- Los plásmidos aislados de las células generalmente carecen de cruciformes, y puede ocurrir la deleción in vivo de secuencias palíndromicas.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
DNA as a Genetic Template
Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
The DNA Replication Fork
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
DNA Topoisomerases
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. Type I...
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. Type I...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins
For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
The DNA Helix
Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis
Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...

