Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Aug 4, 2026

09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
Published on: May 6, 2015
Evidencia psicofísica de más de dos tipos de cono en el daltonismo dicromático
Resumen
Algunos individuos diagnosticados con dicromacia poseen tres tipos de cono, no dos. Estos conos anómalos, similares a los de los tricromáticos anómalos, desafían los modelos existentes de deficiencia de visión del color.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Visión Visión Ciencia Ciencia.
- Genética La genética.
- Oftalmología Oftalmología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los defectos de la visión del color, como la dicromacia, se entienden tradicionalmente como resultado de la ausencia o el reemplazo de fotopigmentos de cono.
- Los defectos recesivos de la visión del color vinculados a X son un área importante de estudio en la neurociencia visual.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el estado de fotopigmentación del cono subyacente en individuos diagnosticados con dicromacia.
- Desafiar los modelos existentes de deficiencia de visión del color mediante el examen de la evidencia psicofísica.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando métodos psicofísicos para evaluar la función del cono en individuos dicromáticos.
- Analizando la sensibilidad espectral y temporal de las respuestas de cono.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia psicofísica indica que algunos dicromatos poseen tres tipos de conos, no los dos esperados.
- Los conos anómalos que se encuentran en estos dicromatos exhiben una sensibilidad espectral y temporal reducida.
- Estos conos comparten sensibilidades espectrales con los conos anormales observados en los tricromáticos anómalos.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos son inconsistentes con los modelos de pérdida o reemplazo establecidos para los defectos de visión de color recesiva vinculados a X.
- Algunos dicromatas parecen retener los mismos tres fotopigmentos que se encuentran en los tricromatas anómalos, lo que sugiere un mecanismo más complejo para la deficiencia de visión del color.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
The Retina
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
Vision
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Anatomy of the Eyeball
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Color Vision
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

