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Metoclopramida por vía intravenosa. Un antiemético eficaz en la quimioterapia contra el cáncer
JAMA
|May 21, 1982
Resumen
La metoclopramida monohidrocloruro intravenosa evitó eficazmente las náuseas y los vómitos inducidos por la quimioterapia en pacientes que recibieron cisplatino. Este antiemético proporcionó una protección significativa con efectos secundarios mínimos, mostrando una eficacia sostenida en múltiples ciclos de tratamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- Farmacología Farmacología.
- La medicina clínica es la medicina clínica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las náuseas y vómitos inducidos por la quimioterapia (CINV) son un desafío significativo en el cuidado del cáncer.
- El cisplatino es un agente de quimioterapia altamente emetogénico, lo que requiere una profilaxis antiemética efectiva.
- La metoclopramida es un antagonista de la dopamina con propiedades antieméticas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la seguridad y la eficacia de la metoclopramida monohidrocloruro intravenosa en la prevención del CINV.
- Evaluar la protección antiemética proporcionada por la metoclopramida en pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia a base de cisplatino.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico abierto.
- Treinta y ocho pacientes recibieron 83 ciclos evaluables de quimioterapia (cisplatino solo o en combinación).
- Se administró metoclopramida monohidrocloruro intravenoso para la profilaxis antiemética.
Principales resultados:
- La protección total (sin náuseas ni vómitos) se logró en el 50% de los pacientes (48% de los cursos).
- La mayor protección (emesis limitada) se logró en el 16% de los pacientes (23% de los cursos).
- En general, el 66% de los pacientes (71% de los ciclos) experimentaron protección total o mayor; la eficacia se mantuvo consistente durante múltiples ciclos.
Conclusiones:
- La metoclopramida intravenosa es un antiemético seguro y eficaz para prevenir el CINV asociado con el cisplatino.
- El medicamento demuestra una eficacia constante, incluso cuando se combina con otros agentes de quimioterapia emetogénicos.
- La metoclopramida fue bien tolerada con efectos adversos mínimos en la dosis estudiada.
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