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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
10:07

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

Published on: August 25, 2017

Amplificación génica y corrección génica en las células somáticas.

J M Roberts, R Axel

    Cell
    |May 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Resumen

    La transferencia de genes reveló reordenamientos genéticos en las células de mamíferos. La amplificación de genes vinculados condujo a fenotipos mutantes específicos, lo que sugiere un mecanismo eficiente de corrección del ADN.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
    • Genética La genética.
    • Biología celular Biología celular.

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Las células de los mamíferos utilizan genes específicos para funciones esenciales.
    • Las mutaciones genéticas pueden alterar los fenotipos celulares.
    • Las técnicas de transferencia génica permiten el estudio de la función y regulación de los genes.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Identificar los reordenamientos genéticos que activan genes mutantes en las células de los mamíferos.
    • Investigar los mecanismos subyacentes a la amplificación y inactivación de genes.
    • Explorar el papel de los mecanismos de corrección del ADN en el mantenimiento de la homogeneidad genética.

    Principales métodos:

    • Transferencia de genes utilizando plásmidos que contienen genes de aprt de tipo salvaje y tk truncados.

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    Last Updated: May 7, 2026

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  • Transformación de las células aprt- tk- .
  • Análisis de transformantes que exhiben los fenotipos aprt+ y tk+.
  • Investigación de la amplificación del ADN y la formación de transcripciones aberrantes.

    • Principales resultados:

    • La integración de un solo plásmido dio como resultado el fenotipo aprt+ tk-.
    • Las variantes Tk+ surgieron de una amplificación de 20 a 50 veces del ADN plasmítico vinculado.
    • Los clones amplificados aprt+ tk+ a menudo producían mutantes aprt- tk+.
    • La estructura amplificada del ADN indicó mutaciones idénticas en las células primarias.

    Conclusiones:

    • La amplificación génica es un mecanismo para generar fenotipos celulares específicos.
    • Las células de mamíferos poseen un eficiente mecanismo de corrección para mantener la homogeneidad de la secuencia en el ADN amplificado.
    • Estos hallazgos proporcionan información sobre los reordenamientos genéticos y sus consecuencias funcionales.