Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Sep 1, 2026
07:07
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
Published on: June 5, 2016
El marco de las decisiones y la psicología de la elección
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 30, 1981
Resumen
Las preferencias de toma de decisiones cambian de manera predecible en función de cómo se enmarcan los problemas. Este efecto de encuadre influye en las elecciones que involucran dinero y vidas, desafiando la teoría de la elección racional.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
- Ciencia de la decisión Ciencia de la decisión
- La economía del comportamiento es la economía del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- La toma de decisiones humanas está influenciada por los principios psicológicos que rigen la percepción del problema.
- La forma en que se presenta la información (marcado) puede alterar la forma en que se evalúan las probabilidades y los resultados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para demostrar cómo los efectos de encuadre causan cambios predecibles en las preferencias.
- Investigar el impacto del encuadre en las elecciones que involucran resultados monetarios y de vida.
- Para comparar los efectos de encuadre en la toma de decisiones con los efectos de perspectiva en la percepción.
Principales métodos:
- Presentación de problemas de decisión idénticos utilizando diferentes marcos.
- Elecciones analizadas relacionadas con resultados monetarios hipotéticos y reales.
- Respuestas examinadas a escenarios que implican la pérdida de vidas humanas.
Principales resultados:
- Demostración de inversiones consistentes de preferencias basadas en la formulación de problemas.
- Efectos de encuadre observados en diversos contextos de decisión, incluidos escenarios financieros y de vida o muerte.
- Encontró paralelismos entre los efectos de encuadre en las preferencias y los efectos de perspectiva en la percepción visual.
Conclusiones:
- Las preferencias son demostrablemente dependientes de la formulación de los problemas de decisión.
- Los efectos de encuadre representan un desafío significativo para la teoría tradicional de la elección racional.
- Comprender el enmarcado es crucial para predecir y potencialmente mitigar la toma de decisiones sesgadas.
Más Videos Relacionados
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:37Reason and Intuition
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
03:26Framing Effects
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
00:56Attribution Theory
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958). An internal factor is an...
01:20Decision Making
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
01:29Social Psychology and Individual Behavior
Social psychology examines how group dynamics, emotions, and cultural influences shape individual actions and decision-making. These elements interact to form behavioral patterns that affect personal choices and social interactions.The Role of Group DynamicsGroups play a crucial role in shaping behavior by reinforcing norms and expectations. Individuals derive a sense of self from group membership, often aligning their behaviors with group norms to maintain social cohesion. For example, an...
01:19Personal Choice and Fate Attributions
Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...