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El primer australopitecino a 2.500 kilómetros al oeste del valle del Rift (Tchad)
M Brunet1, A Beauvilain, Y Coppens
1Laboratoire Géobiologie, Biochronologie et Paléontologie humaine, JE 273 MST Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Poitiers, France.
Nature
|November 16, 1995
Resumen
Los descubrimientos de fósiles en Chad revelan la presencia temprana de homínidos a 2.500 km al oeste del Valle del Rift. Esta mandíbula australopitecina, similar al Australopithecus afarensis, sugiere una distribución más amplia de los homínidos del Plioceno-Pleistoceno.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
- Paleontología Paleontología.
- Geocronología Geocronología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sitios de mamíferos del Plioceno y el Pleistoceno al oeste del Valle del Rift en África Central se informaron por primera vez en 1959, lo que indica hábitats mixtos de sabana y bosque.
- Los descubrimientos previos incluían probables restos de Homo erectus y otros sitios fósiles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Documentar la presencia y distribución temprana de los homínidos al oeste del Valle del Rift africano.
- Para investigar las formaciones del Plioceno y el Pleistoceno en la provincia de Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti en Chad.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de las formaciones geológicas del Plioceno y el Pleistoceno en la región de Bahr el Ghazal, Chad.
- Descubrimiento y excavación de 17 nuevos yacimientos fósiles, incluyendo KT 12.
- La datación biocronológica de restos faunísticos asociados con fósiles de homínidos.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de 17 nuevos yacimientos fósiles del Plioceno y el Pleistoceno cerca de Koro Toro, Chad.
- La excavación del sitio KT 12 arrojó una mandíbula de australopitecino fechada hace entre 3,0 y 3,5 millones de años.
- La morfología de la mandíbula es más similar a la de Australopithecus afarensis, una especie anteriormente conocida solo en el este y sur de África.
Conclusiones:
- Este hallazgo extiende significativamente el rango geográfico conocido de los primeros homínidos en 2.500 km al oeste del Valle del Rift.
- El descubrimiento apoya una distribución más amplia de los primeros homínidos en toda África durante las épocas Plioceno-Pleistoceno.
- Destaca la importancia de África Central en la comprensión de la evolución humana.
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