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Reconstruyendo la historia evolutiva de la superfamilia de la ribonucleasa artiodactil
T M Jermann1, J G Opitz, J Stackhouse
1Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
Nature
|March 2, 1995
Resumen
Los investigadores reconstruyeron antiguas secuencias de proteínas usando parsimonia. Las antiguas ribonucleasas (RNasas) mostraron una mayor actividad, lo que sugiere que las RNasas digestivas evolucionaron de antepasados no digestivos en los artiodáctilos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La evolución de las proteínas se puede estudiar mediante la reconstrucción de secuencias ancestrales de parientes existentes.
- La parsimonia es un método para inferir secuencias ancestrales minimizando los cambios evolutivos.
- Las ribonucleasas (RNasas) son enzimas involucradas en el metabolismo del ARN, con diversas funciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir y caracterizar las antiguas secuencias de proteínas RNase dentro del linaje de los artiodáctilos.
- Para investigar los cambios evolutivos en la función de RNase y su correlación con las adaptaciones fisiológicas.
- Evaluar la validez de la parsimonia en la reconstrucción de plausibles secuencias de proteínas antiguas.
Principales métodos:
- Reconstrucción de trece antiguas secuencias de RNase utilizando un enfoque basado en la parsimonia.
- Síntesis de laboratorio y caracterización bioquímica de las proteínas RNase antiguas reconstruidas.
- Análisis comparativo de la actividad catalítica contra el ARN de doble cadena.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontró que las secuencias de RNase antiguas reconstruidas eran plausibles en función de sus propiedades.
- Se observó un aumento de cinco veces en la actividad catalítica contra el ARN de doble hebra en el ancestral artiodactyl RNase.
- Este cambio funcional se correlaciona con el surgimiento de la digestión de los rumiantes en los artiodáctilos.
Conclusiones:
- La parsimonia es un método viable para reconstruir proteínas antiguas funcionales.
- La evolución de las RNasas digestivas artiodáctil probablemente implicó una transición de las formas ancestrales no digestivas.
- Las reconstrucciones de proteínas evolutivas ofrecen información sobre la adaptación de las funciones fisiológicas.
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