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Cambios en las actitudes de los médicos hacia el informe al paciente con cáncer
JAMA
|March 2, 1979
Resumen
Las actitudes de los médicos hacia la información de los pacientes con cáncer de su diagnóstico se han invertido dramáticamente. Mientras que la mayoría de los médicos en 1961 prefirieron retener esta información, el 97% favoreció la divulgación en 1977, impulsado por la experiencia clínica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ética médica y ética médica.
- Comunicación de la oncología.
- Actitudes de los médicos.
Sus antecedentes:
- En 1961, una mayoría significativa de los médicos prefirió no revelar los diagnósticos de cáncer a los pacientes.
- Esta práctica refleja los enfoques paternalistas históricos en la medicina.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar los cambios en las actitudes de los médicos con respecto a la divulgación del diagnóstico de cáncer.
- Identificar los factores que influyen en estos cambios de actitud a lo largo del tiempo.
Principales métodos:
- Un cuestionario de 1961 sobre las políticas de divulgación de pacientes se volvió a administrar al personal médico del hospital universitario en 1977.
- Los datos de 264 encuestados en 1977 se compararon con los hallazgos de 1961.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una inversión casi completa en la preferencia de los médicos, con un 97% a favor de la divulgación en 1977 en comparación con el 90% en contra en 1961.
- La experiencia clínica siguió siendo un factor clave, pero la formación médica y hospitalaria ganó prominencia en la formulación de políticas.
- Los médicos mostraron menos inclinación a alterar su postura basada en los hallazgos de la investigación.
Conclusiones:
- Las prácticas de comunicación de los médicos con respecto a los diagnósticos de cáncer han evolucionado significativamente, favoreciendo la autonomía del paciente.
- Las actitudes todavía están fuertemente influenciadas por la convicción personal y la experiencia en lugar de la evidencia empírica.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender el impacto de la medicina basada en la evidencia en la toma de decisiones clínicas en la comunicación del paciente.
Palabras clave:
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