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Infección de las células asesinas naturales por el herpesvirus humano 6
P Lusso1, M S Malnati, A Garzino-Demo
1Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Nature
|April 1, 1993
Resumen
El herpesvirus humano 6 (HHV-6) infecta y mata las células asesinas naturales (NK). Esta infección también hace que las células NK sean susceptibles al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1), lo que potencialmente debilita las defensas antivirales del sistema inmunológico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología Inmunología.
- Virología Virología.
- Biología celular Biología celular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las células asesinas naturales (NK) son cruciales para la inmunidad innata contra las infecciones virales y el cáncer.
- La actividad defectuosa de las células NK se observa en condiciones como el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) y el síndrome de fatiga crónica.
- El herpesvirus humano 6 (HHV-6) es un virus de ADN conocido por infectar a los linfocitos T.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la susceptibilidad de las células NK funcionales a la infección por HHV-6.
- Para determinar el impacto de la infección por HHV-6 en la función de las células NK y la susceptibilidad a otros virus.
- Para aclarar el papel del HHV-6 en la patogénesis de enfermedades asociadas con la actividad de las células NK alteradas.
Principales métodos:
- Aislamiento y cultivo de clones funcionales de células CD3-NK.
- Infección productiva de clones de células NK con el HHV-6.
- Análisis de la viabilidad y función de las células NK después de la infección.
- Evaluación de la expresión del receptor CD4 en las células NK infectadas utilizando citometría de flujo.
Principales resultados:
- Los clones de células NK funcionalmente competentes fueron productivamente infectados por el HHV-6.
- La infección por HHV-6 fue citopática, lo que condujo a la muerte de las células NK.
- Las células NK infectadas exhibieron de novo la expresión del receptor CD4.
- La expresión de CD4 en las células NK infectadas las predispuso a la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1).
Conclusiones:
- El HHV-6 ataca e infecta directamente a las células NK, comprometiendo un componente clave de la inmunidad antiviral innata.
- La infección por HHV-6 de las células NK puede crear una vía para la entrada y replicación del VIH-1.
- Este mecanismo ofrece una estrategia potencial mediante la cual los herpesvirus pueden subvertir las defensas antivirales del huésped.
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