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Factores de riesgo para la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva primaria entre los niños en Finlandia
1National Public Health Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Helsinki, Finland.
JAMA
|March 15, 1995
Resumen
La asistencia a la guardería aumenta significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad neumocócica invasiva en niños menores de dos años. La otitis media frecuente también representa un riesgo, mientras que tener hermanos menores aumenta el riesgo para los niños mayores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (IPD, por sus siglas en inglés) sigue siendo una preocupación significativa para la salud pública en los niños.
- La identificación de los factores de riesgo modificables es crucial para las estrategias de prevención eficaces.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los factores de riesgo asociados con la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (IPD) en niños.
- Para comparar el riesgo planteado por diferentes entornos de cuidado infantil y otros factores potenciales.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de casos y controles basado en la población se llevó a cabo en Finlandia de 1986 a 1989.
- Se incluyeron 149 casos de IPD y 284 controles emparejados (niños de 0 a 15 años).
- Los factores de riesgo se evaluaron a través de cuestionarios enviados por correo a las familias.
Principales resultados:
- La asistencia a la guardería mostró un riesgo sustancialmente mayor de IPD en niños menores de 2 años (OR = 36).
- La guardería familiar (OR = 4,4) y un historial de otitis media frecuente (OR = 8,8) también fueron factores de riesgo significativos para los niños más pequeños.
- Para los niños de 2 años o más, tener hermanos menores aumentaba el riesgo de IPD (OR=2.2).
Conclusiones:
- La asistencia a la guardería es un factor de riesgo primario para la IPD en niños menores de dos años.
- El riesgo asociado con las guarderías formales es notablemente mayor que el de las guarderías familiares.
- La identificación temprana de los niños en riesgo puede informar las intervenciones de salud pública específicas.
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