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El tabaquismo pasivo y las enfermedades del corazón. Mecanismos y riesgos
1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
JAMA
|April 5, 1995
Resumen
El humo de segunda mano daña la salud cardiovascular al reducir el suministro de oxígeno al corazón y deteriorar su función. Esto aumenta el riesgo de eventos cardíacos fatales y no fatales en los no fumadores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cardiovasculares Ciencias Cardiovasculares
- Toxicología Toxicología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El tabaquismo pasivo, o la exposición al humo de segunda mano, es un factor de riesgo ambiental significativo.
- Cada vez hay más evidencia que vincula el tabaquismo pasivo con las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evidencia clínica, de laboratorio y epidemiológica sobre el tabaquismo pasivo y las enfermedades del corazón.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos fisiológicos y bioquímicos involucrados.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura de las publicaciones revisadas por pares.
- Centrarse en los estudios publicados desde 1990.
- La inclusión de datos de MEDLINE, citas y informes de agencias científicas.
Principales resultados:
- El tabaquismo pasivo perjudica el suministro de oxígeno y la utilización del corazón, reduciendo la producción de trifosfato de adenosina.
- La exposición conduce a un aumento de la actividad plaquetaria, acelera la aterosclerosis y aumenta el daño tisular después de la isquemia o el infarto de miocardio.
- Los efectos cardiovasculares son el resultado de múltiples componentes del humo, incluidos el monóxido de carbono y la nicotina.
Conclusiones:
- Los no fumadores expuestos al humo de segunda mano enfrentan un mayor riesgo de eventos cardíacos.
- Los mecanismos implican un suministro y utilización de oxígeno comprometidos por el miocardio.
- Varios componentes tóxicos en el humo de segunda mano contribuyen al daño cardiovascular.
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