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Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y higiene doméstica en la infancia
A E Gent1, M D Hellier, R H Grace
1Salisbury District Hospital, Odstock, Wiltshire, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 26, 1994
Resumen
La enfermedad de Crohn puede estar relacionada con la exposición temprana de la vida al saneamiento moderno. Este estudio encontró una correlación entre la enfermedad de Crohn y tener un grifo de agua caliente y baño separado en la infancia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología y Gastroenterología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
Sus antecedentes:
- La incidencia de la enfermedad de Crohn ha aumentado significativamente en las naciones desarrolladas en los últimos 50 años.
- Las causas exactas de la enfermedad de Crohn siguen sin estar claras, con hipótesis que incluyen predisposición genética y factores ambientales.
- Se ha propuesto la exposición tardía a infecciones entéricas como un desencadenante potencial de la enfermedad de Crohn.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre las comodidades domésticas de la vida temprana y el desarrollo de la enfermedad de Crohn.
- Para diferenciar los factores de riesgo ambientales para la enfermedad de Crohn de los de la colitis ulcerosa.
- Para explorar la hipótesis de que el saneamiento moderno influye en la etiología de la enfermedad de Crohn.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un diseño de estudio de casos y controles.
- Se compararon 133 pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad de Crohn y 231 con colitis ulcerosa.
- Los controles fueron seleccionados de la población general y emparejados por edad y sexo.
Principales resultados:
- Los casos de enfermedad de Crohn eran significativamente más propensos a haber tenido un grifo de agua caliente en su primer hogar (relación de probabilidades 5.0, IC del 95% 1.4-17.3).
- Los sujetos con enfermedad de Crohn también mostraron una mayor prevalencia de tener un baño separado en su primera residencia (odds ratio 3.3, 1.3-8.3).
- No se encontró una asociación clara entre la colitis ulcerosa y las comodidades del hogar en los primeros años de vida.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición temprana de la vida al saneamiento moderno, indicada por la presencia de un grifo de agua caliente y un baño separado, puede ser un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad de Crohn.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren que los cambios en las prácticas de saneamiento e higiene en los últimos 50 años podrían contribuir a la creciente incidencia de la enfermedad de Crohn.
- Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los mecanismos que vinculan el saneamiento con la patogénesis de la enfermedad de Crohn.
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