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Consecuencias metabólicas de los ácidos grasos trans de la dieta
Lancet (London, England)
|May 21, 1994
Resumen
Las grasas parcialmente hidrogenadas que contienen ácidos grasos trans (TFA) están vinculadas a la enfermedad coronaria (CHD). El TFA puede afectar los receptores de lipoproteínas durante el exceso de energía, causando colesterol alto, obesidad y resistencia a la insulina.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias cardiovasculares Ciencias cardiovasculares
- La epidemiología nutricional.
- La investigación en el metabolismo.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento de la enfermedad coronaria (CHD) en los países occidentales se correlaciona con la introducción de grasas parcialmente hidrogenadas.
- Los ácidos grasos trans (TFA) en estas grasas están implicados en el sexo observado, la edad y las variaciones nacionales en las tasas de ECC y el colesterol sérico.
- Los cambios en el colesterol relacionados con el embarazo también se explican potencialmente por la exposición a TFA.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la hipótesis de que los ácidos grasos trans (ATF) perjudican los receptores de lipoproteínas.
- Explorar el vínculo entre el TFA, el exceso de energía y la disfunción metabólica.
- Proponer una validación experimental para el mecanismo propuesto de hipercolesterolemia y aterogénesis inducida por TFA.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los datos epidemiológicos que correlacionan la ingesta de AGT con la ECC y los niveles de colesterol.
- Análisis de la evidencia existente sobre el metabolismo de los TFA y los efectos fisiológicos.
- Propuesta de diseños experimentales para probar la hipótesis sobre la función del receptor de lipoproteínas.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición a los AGT se asocia con un aumento de la ECC y un metabolismo alterado del colesterol.
- El sexo potencial, la edad y las diferencias nacionales en las tasas de ECC se pueden explicar por TFA.
- TFA puede ser utilizado para el trabajo muscular, pero plantea riesgos durante el excedente de energía.
Conclusiones:
- Los ácidos grasos trans en las grasas parcialmente hidrogenadas son un factor importante en la epidemia de enfermedades coronarias.
- La función deteriorada del receptor de lipoproteínas durante el exceso de energía se propone como el mecanismo que vincula el TFA con la hipercolesterolemia, la aterogénesis, la obesidad y la resistencia a la insulina.
- Se necesita más investigación experimental para confirmar los mecanismos propuestos.
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