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La negación en la entrevista médica. Reconocimiento y gestión
JAMA
|December 14, 1994
Resumen
La negación es un mecanismo de defensa psicológica que puede ayudar a las personas a lidiar con la enfermedad. Si bien a menudo es problemática, puede ser adaptativa, y abordarla en entrevistas médicas requiere una cuidadosa consideración del apoyo y la preparación del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
- La medicina es la medicina de la medicina.
- Comunicación sobre el cuidado de la salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- La negación es un mecanismo de defensa psicológica utilizado para hacer frente a la enfermedad.
- Implica repudiar los significados de la enfermedad para evitar emociones dolorosas como el miedo y el dolor.
- La negación puede manifestarse en pacientes y médicos durante las entrevistas médicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar la doble naturaleza de la negación como un problema y una respuesta adaptativa en la enfermedad.
- Examinar el papel y el manejo de la negación en el contexto de la entrevista médica.
- Proporcionar orientación sobre cuándo y cómo abordar la negación en las interacciones paciente-médico.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre las defensas psicológicas en la enfermedad.
- Análisis de la manifestación de negación en la dinámica de las entrevistas médicas.
- Exploración de los factores de toma de decisiones para hacer frente a la negación del paciente.
Principales resultados:
- La negación puede ser un mecanismo de afrontamiento saludable, que no siempre requiere intervención.
- La decisión de abordar la negación depende de su capacidad de adaptación y del contexto psicosocial del paciente.
- Los médicos también pueden exhibir negación, lo que afecta la entrevista.
Conclusiones:
- El papel de la negación en la enfermedad requiere una comprensión matizada; puede ser adaptativo.
- La intervención para la negación en entornos médicos debe ser juiciosa, teniendo en cuenta la preparación y el apoyo del paciente.
- Se pueden utilizar técnicas como la aclaración, la confrontación y la interpretación para hacer frente a la negación.
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