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El uso de anticonceptivos orales y el adenocarcinoma del cuello uterino
G Ursin1, R K Peters, B E Henderson
1Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033-9987.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 19, 1994
Resumen
El uso de anticonceptivos orales está relacionado con un riesgo duplicado de adenocarcinoma cervical, particularmente con el uso a largo plazo de más de 12 años. Este hallazgo pone de relieve los riesgos potenciales asociados con los anticonceptivos orales para la salud cervical.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Ginecológica Oncología Ginecológica.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La incidencia de adenocarcinoma cervical aumentó significativamente en las mujeres jóvenes en los EE.UU..
- Este aumento coincidió con la adopción generalizada de los anticonceptivos orales.
- Investigaciones anteriores sugirieron un vínculo potencial entre el uso de anticonceptivos orales y este cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la asociación entre el uso de anticonceptivos orales y el adenocarcinoma del cuello uterino.
- Para determinar si la duración del uso de anticonceptivos orales influye en el riesgo de adenocarcinoma cervical.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio caso-control que analizó datos del Programa de Vigilancia del Cáncer del Condado de Los Ángeles (1977-1991).
- Incluidos 195 casos de adenocarcinoma cervical y 386 controles emparejados.
- Recogió historias médicas, sexuales, anticonceptivas y reproductivas detalladas a través de entrevistas personales.
Principales resultados:
- El uso de anticonceptivos orales alguna vez se asoció con un aumento de 2,1 veces el riesgo de adenocarcinoma cervical en comparación con las usuarias nunca.
- El uso de anticonceptivos orales durante más de 12 años mostró el riesgo más alto, con una relación de probabilidades ajustada de 4.4.
- No se encontró ningún riesgo adicional significativo basado en la edad al inicio, el tiempo en relación con el embarazo o formulaciones específicas una vez que se consideró la duración.
Conclusiones:
- El uso de anticonceptivos orales, especialmente durante períodos prolongados, es un factor de riesgo significativo para el adenocarcinoma del cuello uterino.
- Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de una mayor investigación sobre los mecanismos que vinculan los anticonceptivos orales con el adenocarcinoma cervical.
- Las estrategias de salud pública pueden necesitar considerar las implicaciones a largo plazo del uso de anticonceptivos orales en el riesgo de cáncer de cuello uterino.
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