Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Aug 16, 2026
13:02
An Isolated Retinal Preparation to Record Light Response from Genetically Labeled Retinal Ganglion Cells
Published on: January 26, 2011
La vía oponente "blue-on" en la retina de los primates se origina en un tipo distinto de célula ganglionar
Nature
|February 24, 1994
Resumen
Los investigadores identificaron una célula ganglionar retiniana no enana distinta, la pequeña célula bistratificada, como la fuente de la enfermedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Visión Visión Ciencia Ciencia.
- Fisiología de la retina Fisiología de la retina
Sus antecedentes:
- La visión de los colores de los humanos y los monos del Viejo Mundo se basa en tres tipos de conos (S, M, L).
- Las señales del cono son procesadas por las células ganglionares de la retina, formando canales oponentes (rojo-verde y azul-amarillo).
- Las vías neuronales para la oposición de colores, particularmente azul-amarillo, siguen siendo poco claras, con células enanas que se suponía que transmitían todas las señales de oponentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar el tipo específico de célula ganglionar retiniana responsable de transmitir señales de longitud de onda corta (cono S) en la vía oponente azul-amarillo.
- Para aclarar las bases anatómicas y fisiológicas de la oposición de color azul-amarillo.
Principales métodos:
- Registros fisiológicos de las células ganglionares de la retina.
- Análisis morfológico de tipos identificados de células ganglionares.
- Trazado de las vías neuronales desde los fotorreceptores cónicos hasta las células ganglionares.
Principales resultados:
- Un tipo distinto de célula ganglionar no enana, la pequeña célula bistratificada, fue identificada como la célula "blue-on".
- Este tipo de célula recibe la entrada excitatoria de los conos S.
- Demostró una vía anatómicamente distinta para la transmisión de señales del cono S al cerebro.
Conclusiones:
- La pequeña célula bistratificada es el conducto principal para las señales de cono S en la vía oponente azul-amarillo.
- Este hallazgo desafía las suposiciones anteriores sobre las células enanas que transmiten todas las señales oponentes.
- La morfología de la pequeña célula bistratificada sugiere un nuevo circuito retiniano para el procesamiento de color azul-amarillo.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:32The Retina
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
01:24Vision
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
01:11Channel Rhodopsins
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
01:20Anatomy of the Eyeball
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
01:24Color Vision
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.