Enfermedades infecciosas en deportes de competición
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R A Goodman1, S B Thacker, S L Solomon
1Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333.
JAMA
|March 16, 1994
Resumen
Las enfermedades infecciosas son una preocupación en el deporte, afectando a atletas y espectadores. Las estrategias de prevención deben dirigirse a atletas individuales, equipos y medidas de salud pública más amplias para la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con el deporte.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Medicina Deportiva Medicina Deportiva es una especialidad de la medicina deportiva.
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Sus antecedentes:
- La participación en deportes competitivos está muy extendida en los Estados Unidos.
- Los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas en los deportes requieren una mejor comprensión de la ocurrencia y la transmisión.
- Publicidad reciente pone de relieve las preocupaciones con respecto a las enfermedades infecciosas en entornos atléticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas en deportes de competición.
- Identificar las rutas de transmisión y los agentes involucrados en las infecciones relacionadas con el deporte.
- Informar las estrategias de prevención de enfermedades infecciosas en entornos atléticos.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura de las bases de datos médicas (MEDLINE).
- Búsqueda de bases de datos de periódicos (NEXIS, DIALOG PAPERS) para informes de enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con el deporte.
- Incluye artículos sobre casos de enfermedades / brotes durante el entrenamiento o la competencia y informes de periódicos que involucran a equipos o espectadores.
Principales resultados:
- La revisión de la literatura identificó 38 informes de transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas (24 de persona a persona, 9 de fuente común, 5 en el aire).
- La búsqueda en los periódicos identificó 28 informes de brotes, exposiciones o medidas preventivas.
- Los agentes infecciosos predominantes fueron los virus, con notable presencia de hongos y bacterias.
Conclusiones:
- La prevención de enfermedades infecciosas en el deporte requiere un enfoque de varios niveles: atleta individual, equipo y espectador.
- Los médicos del equipo deben tener conocimientos sobre enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con el deporte y la prevención.
- Las estrategias deben abordar los riesgos a todos los niveles para mitigar la transmisión en entornos deportivos.
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