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Efectos bifásicos de la ingesta repetida de alcohol en la presión arterial de 24 horas en pacientes hipertensos
Circulation
|June 1, 1994
Resumen
Una sola bebida alcohólica reduce la presión arterial (PA) durante horas. Sin embargo, beber repetidamente durante siete días puede disminuir y elevar la presión arterial dependiendo de cuándo se produzca.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cardiovasculares Ciencias Cardiovasculares
- Farmacología Farmacología.
- Investigación de la Hipertensión Investigación de la Hipertensión
Sus antecedentes:
- El consumo de alcohol está relacionado con los cambios en la presión arterial (PA).
- El momento de la ingesta de alcohol en relación con la medición de la presión arterial puede influir en las asociaciones observadas.
- Comprender estas dinámicas temporales es crucial para una evaluación precisa del impacto del alcohol en la presión arterial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los efectos agudos y crónicos del alcohol en la presión arterial de 24 horas.
- Para diferenciar el impacto del consumo único versus repetido de alcohol en los patrones de presión arterial.
- Para evaluar la influencia de los intervalos de tiempo después de la ingesta de alcohol en las lecturas de presión arterial.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio controlado en el que participaron 14 hombres bebedores habituales con hipertensión esencial.
- Los participantes se sometieron a una fase de control de 4 días (bebida no alcohólica) seguida de una fase de 7 días de alcohol (etanol, 1 ml / kg), ambas con la ingesta de la cena.
- El monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial se realizó en días específicos durante ambas fases.
Principales resultados:
- Una sola ingesta de alcohol redujo significativamente la presión arterial a las 24 horas en el día 1 en comparación con la fase de control.
- Tanto la ingesta única como la repetida de alcohol redujeron la presión arterial entre las 6 PM y la medianoche.
- Después de 7 días de ingesta repetida, la presión arterial fue significativamente más alta entre la medianoche y las 8 de la mañana (6-14 horas después del alcohol) en comparación con el control y el día 1.
Conclusiones:
- El consumo único de alcohol ejerce un efecto depresor a corto plazo en la presión arterial.
- La ingesta repetida de alcohol durante 7 días exhibe efectos bifásicos: depresor poco después de beber y presor horas después.
- Confiar únicamente en mediciones casuales de la presión arterial puede sobreestimar el impacto crónico del alcohol en la hipertensión.
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