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El origen de la audición submarina en las ballenas
1Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Nature
|February 4, 1993
Resumen
La ballena más antigua, Pakicetus, poseía una estructura ósea del oído intermedia entre los mamíferos terrestres y los cetáceos modernos. Este hallazgo apoya que Pakicetus sea anfibio y que los artiodáctilos sean los parientes más cercanos de las ballenas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología Paleontología.
- Anatomía comparada y anatomía comparada.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los huesos de orejas de cetáceos fósiles y recientes (malleus, incus, stapes) son similares y distintos de los mamíferos terrestres.
- Comprender la evolución de los cetáceos requiere examinar las primeras formas fósiles.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la anatomía auditiva de la ballena más antigua conocida, Pakicetus.
- Para determinar el estadio evolutivo de la audición de los cetáceos.
- Para aclarar la relación entre los cetáceos y los mamíferos terrestres.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de los huesos de las orejas de los cetáceos fósiles (incus, malleus, stapes) y las mandíbulas.
- Examen de las características intermedias en las estructuras auditivas de Pakicetus.
- Reconstrucción de las vías de transmisión de las ondas sonoras al oído.
Principales resultados:
- El incus de Pakicetus muestra características intermedias en inflación, proporciones y posicionamiento de las articulaciones en comparación con los mamíferos terrestres y los cetáceos modernos.
- El incus y la mandíbula de Pakicetus sugieren una transmisión de sonido al oído similar a la de los mamíferos terrestres.
- La evidencia fósil indica que Pakicetus fue probablemente anfibio.
Conclusiones:
- Pakicetus representa una forma de transición crucial en la evolución de la ballena, que une los sistemas auditivos de los mamíferos terrestres y los cetáceos acuáticos.
- Los hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de que los artiodáctilos son los parientes vivos más cercanos de los cetáceos.
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