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La bacteria más grande de las bacterias
E R Angert1, K D Clements, N R Pace
1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
Nature
|March 18, 1993
Resumen
Epulopiscium fishelsoni, un gran microorganismo que se encuentra en el pez cirujano, ha sido identificado como la bacteria más grande conocida. Este hallazgo resuelve su clasificación como un simbionte específico del pez cirujano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- La investigación de la simbiosis es la investigación de la simbiosis.
Sus antecedentes:
- El microorganismo Epulopiscium fishelsoni habita en el tracto intestinal de los peces cirujanos (Acanthuridae) del Mar Rojo y la Gran Barrera de Coral.
- Las observaciones iniciales sugirieron que E. fishelsoni podría ser un protista eucariota debido a su gran tamaño (más de 600 micras).
- La microscopía electrónica reveló una morfología celular más parecida a la de las bacterias que a la de los eucariotas, lo que provocó más investigaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar definitivamente el carácter filogenético de Epulopiscium fishelsoni. para determinar definitivamente el carácter filogenético de Epulopiscium fishelsoni. para determinar definitivamente el carácter filogenético de Epulopiscium fishelsoni. para determinar definitivamente el carácter filogenético de Epulopiscium fishelsoni.
- Para resolver la clasificación de estos únicos simbiontes de pez cirujano.
- Para investigar la posibilidad de que E. fishelsoni sea la bacteria más grande conocida.
Principales métodos:
- Aislamiento de genes que codifican la pequeña subunidad de ARN ribosómico (ARNr) de dos morfotipos de E. fishelsoni.
- Análisis filogenético utilizando las secuencias de genes de ARNr aislados.
- Hibridación in situ con sondas de oligonucleótidos para confirmar el origen de los genes de ARNr.
Principales resultados:
- El análisis filogenético identificó a E. fishelsoni como miembro del grupo de bacterias gram-positivas de bajo G + C.
- La hibridación in situ confirmó el origen bacteriano de los genes de ARNr secuenciados.
- E. fishelsoni es ahora reconocida como la bacteria más grande descrita hasta la fecha.
Conclusiones:
- Epulopiscium fishelsoni no son protistas sino bacterias, específicamente bacterias gram-positivas de bajo G + C.
- Estas bacterias representan un descubrimiento significativo en los límites de tamaño microbiano.
- El estudio aclara la relación simbiótica entre E. fishelsoni y el pez cirujano, identificándolos como simbiontes bacterianos específicos.
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