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Las tasas de embarazo, aborto y natalidad entre adolescentes estadounidenses - 1980, 1985 y 1990
A M Spitz1, P Velebil, L M Koonin
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
JAMA
|April 3, 1996
Resumen
Las tasas de embarazo en adolescentes en Estados Unidos aumentaron a fines de la década de 1980, a pesar de las tasas de aborto estables. El aumento de la actividad sexual condujo a una disminución de las tasas de embarazo entre los adolescentes con experiencia sexual, pero las tasas generales de natalidad aumentaron significativamente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud reproductiva y salud reproductiva.
- Demografía La demografía es la demografía.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- El embarazo adolescente sigue siendo una preocupación significativa de salud pública en los Estados Unidos.
- Las tendencias anteriores indicaron la necesidad de un análisis actualizado de los indicadores de salud reproductiva de los adolescentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las tendencias en el embarazo, el aborto y las tasas de natalidad entre las adolescentes estadounidenses.
- Examinar estas tasas en diferentes grupos de edad (15-19 años y menores de 15 años) y ajustarlas a la experiencia sexual.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de los datos nacionales sobre embarazos, abortos y partos de adolescentes.
- Examen de las tasas de niñas de 13 a 19 años en 1980, 1985 y 1990.
- Las tasas se analizaron en general y se ajustaron para la experiencia sexual.
Principales resultados:
- Las tasas generales de embarazo entre adolescentes de 15 a 19 años aumentaron un 9% entre 1985 y 1990.
- Las tasas de embarazo entre las adolescentes sexualmente experimentadas de 15 a 19 años disminuyeron un 8% entre 1980 y 1990.
- Las tasas de natalidad para adolescentes de 15 a 19 años aumentaron un 18% a finales de la década de 1980, alcanzando 59.9 por cada 1000 en 1990.
- Las tasas de natalidad para las niñas menores de 15 años aumentaron un 26% a fines de la década de 1980 debido a un embarazo estable y a la disminución de las tasas de aborto.
Conclusiones:
- A pesar de los esfuerzos de salud pública, las tasas de embarazo y natalidad entre adolescentes en Estados Unidos siguen siendo altas en comparación con otras naciones desarrolladas.
- Una mayoría significativa (95%) de los embarazos en adolescentes son no deseados.
- El aumento de las estrategias de prevención son necesarias para hacer frente a las tasas persistentes de embarazo en adolescentes.
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