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Muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela en los Estados Unidos, 1992 a 1994
S P Kachur1, G M Stennies, K E Powell
1National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
JAMA
|June 12, 1996
Resumen
Las muertes violentas asociadas con las escuelas en los EE.UU. fueron más frecuentes de lo que se pensaba anteriormente, con homicidios y armas de fuego como factores primarios. Se observó un mayor riesgo entre los estudiantes de secundaria, los estudiantes de minorías y los de áreas urbanas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Criminología de la Criminología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela representan una preocupación crítica de salud pública.
- Los datos anteriores sobre la frecuencia y las características de estos eventos eran limitados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para llevar a cabo la primera investigación nacional de muertes violentas relacionadas con las escuelas en los Estados Unidos.
- Para cuantificar la incidencia de muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela.
- Para identificar las características epidemiológicas de estas muertes.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un diseño de serie de casos descriptivos.
- Los datos se recopilaron desde el 1 de julio de 1992 hasta el 30 de junio de 1994 en los Estados Unidos.
- La información se recopiló a través de colaboradores del estudio, bases de datos de noticias en línea, informes policiales, registros forenses y entrevistas.
Principales resultados:
- Durante un período de 2 años, se identificaron 105 muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela.
- La incidencia se estimó en 0,09 por cada 100.000 años estudiantiles, con mayor riesgo para estudiantes de secundaria, estudiantes de minorías y aquellos en distritos urbanos.
- El homicidio predominaba (80,9%), con las armas de fuego como arma principal (77,1%); las víctimas y los delincuentes eran típicamente hombres jóvenes.
Conclusiones:
- Las muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela ocurrieron con más frecuencia de lo estimado anteriormente.
- Los patrones epidemiológicos de estas muertes se parecían a los de los homicidios y suicidios en otros entornos.
- Se recomienda una estrategia integral para abordar la violencia juvenil en las escuelas y la comunidad.
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