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La ingesta de macronutrientes y el riesgo de cáncer de mama
S Franceschi1, A Favero, A Decarli
1Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 18, 1996
Resumen
Los ácidos grasos insaturados de la dieta pueden proteger contra el cáncer de mama, mientras que una alta ingesta de carbohidratos, particularmente almidón, puede aumentar el riesgo. Esta investigación pone de relieve las posibles estrategias dietéticas para la prevención del cáncer de mama en poblaciones específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de la nutrición Ciencia de la nutrición.
- Oncología Oncología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se debate la relación entre la grasa dietética, las fuentes de energía y el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- Los hábitos alimenticios de la población italiana (alto contenido de grasas insaturadas, almidón) y la baja conciencia de los vínculos entre la dieta y el cáncer ofrecen un entorno de estudio único con un sesgo de recuerdo reducido.
- Este estudio investiga la influencia de la ingesta de macronutrientes en el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la asociación entre la ingesta dietética de macronutrientes y el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- Explorar el papel de las grasas específicas (insaturadas, saturadas) y los carbohidratos (almidón) en el desarrollo del cáncer de mama.
- Proporcionar información sobre los patrones dietéticos relevantes para la prevención del cáncer de mama.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de caso-control en el que participaron 2569 mujeres con cáncer de mama y 2588 controles.
- Entrevistas realizadas entre 1991 y 1994 en seis regiones italianas.
- Un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos validado evaluó la ingesta dietética, incluidos los patrones individuales de grasa.
Principales resultados:
- El aumento de la ingesta total de grasas se correlacionó con una disminución del riesgo de cáncer de mama (tendencia p=0,01).
- Una mayor ingesta de carbohidratos disponibles, especialmente almidón, se asoció con un mayor riesgo (tendencia p = 0,002).
- La alta ingesta de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados e insaturados mostró un efecto protector (ORs 0,70 y 0,74).
Conclusiones:
- Los ácidos grasos insaturados parecen proteger contra el cáncer de mama, posiblemente debido a la asociación con una alta ingesta de vegetales.
- Una dieta alta en almidón puede representar un riesgo de cáncer de mama, particularmente en las poblaciones del sur de Europa.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que modificaciones dietéticas específicas pueden influir en el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
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