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Los síntomas de la bronquitis crónica y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria

P Jousilahti¹, E Vartiainen, J Tuomilehto

¹Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.

Lancet (London, England)

|August 31, 1996

Resumen

Los síntomas de la bronquitis crónica aumentan significativamente el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria en hombres y mujeres, independientemente de otros factores cardiovasculares. El manejo de las infecciones respiratorias puede reducir la mortalidad por enfermedades del corazón.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología Cardiología.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Medicina de las vías respiratorias.

Sus antecedentes:

Cada vez hay más pruebas que vinculan varias infecciones con la enfermedad coronaria.
Las infecciones del tracto respiratorio son un área clave de enfoque.
Este estudio investiga la infección respiratoria crónica como un predictor de la enfermedad coronaria del corazón.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para determinar si la infección respiratoria crónica predice la incidencia y la mortalidad de la enfermedad coronaria.
Evaluar si esta asociación es independiente de los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Examinar si la asociación varía según la ocupación.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio de cohorte de seguimiento de 13 años de 19.444 hombres y mujeres finlandeses seleccionados al azar.
Infección respiratoria crónica definida por síntomas de bronquitis crónica (que dura hasta 3 meses al año).
Análisis ajustado por edad, año de estudio, tabaquismo, colesterol sérico y presión arterial sistólica.

Principales resultados:

Los síntomas de bronquitis crónica de larga duración aumentaron el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria (hombres: RR 1.52, mujeres: RR 1.38) y el riesgo de muerte coronaria (hombres: RR 1.74, mujeres: RR 1.49).
La asociación se mantuvo significativa después de ajustar por los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
El riesgo fue similar entre los trabajadores de cuello azul y los de cuello blanco, pero no se observó en los agricultores.

Conclusiones:

Los síntomas de la bronquitis crónica son un predictor independiente del riesgo de enfermedad coronaria.
Si es causal, la prevención y el manejo de las infecciones respiratorias crónicas podrían contribuir a reducir la mortalidad por enfermedad coronaria.

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