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Dirigirse a los vulnerables en situaciones de emergencia: ¿quién es vulnerable?
1Médecins Sans Frontières Holland, Nairobi, Kenya.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 28, 1996
Resumen
En emergencias, mientras que los niños pequeños se enfrentan a una mayor mortalidad, los niños mayores y los adultos se ven afectados desproporcionadamente por los riesgos. Las intervenciones de salud pública deben considerar todos los grupos de edad para reducir efectivamente la mortalidad general.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Medicina para Desastres Medicina para Desastres
Sus antecedentes:
- Las emergencias como las guerras y los desastres naturales aumentan la vulnerabilidad de la población a la enfermedad, la violencia y el hambre.
- Las intervenciones de emergencia de salud pública se centran en las necesidades básicas, la reducción de la vulnerabilidad y la mitigación de la exposición al riesgo.
- Las intervenciones actuales se dirigen principalmente a niños menores de 5 años, a pesar de las tasas de mortalidad más altas en este grupo incluso en condiciones normales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar el riesgo relativo de muerte de los niños pequeños frente a los niños mayores y adultos.
- Para analizar los riesgos de mortalidad tanto en condiciones normales como de emergencia.
Principales métodos:
- Examinó los datos de mortalidad de los campos de refugiados en tres emergencias.
- Las tasas de mortalidad basal calculadas de los países de origen de los refugiados.
- Comparación de los riesgos relativos entre las condiciones normales y de emergencia.
Principales resultados:
- Las tasas de mortalidad fueron más altas en niños menores de 5 años que en personas mayores en entornos normales y de emergencia.
- El riesgo relativo de mortalidad para los menores de 5 años fue menor en emergencias en comparación con condiciones normales.
- Los niños mayores y los adultos experimentaron riesgos desproporcionadamente más altos durante las emergencias.
Conclusiones:
- Para reducir efectivamente la mortalidad, las estrategias de emergencia de salud pública deben incluir a las poblaciones mayores de 5 años.
- Se necesita el desarrollo de herramientas específicas para evaluar los riesgos, identificar las causas y diseñar programas para todos los grupos de edad en situaciones de emergencia.
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