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Fuerza muscular en pavos corredores: la economía de minimizar el trabajo
T J Roberts1, R L Marsh, P G Weyand
1Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Concord Field Station, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 21, 1997
Resumen
Los músculos y tendones de los animales que corren absorben y liberan energía. Los músculos actúan como soportes activos, mejorando la economía de funcionamiento al proporcionar fuerza económicamente en lugar de hacer un trabajo extenso.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La biomecánica es la biomecánica.
- La locomoción de los animales.
- Fisiología muscular La fisiología muscular.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los músculos y los tendones son cruciales para la locomoción, absorbiendo y liberando el trabajo mecánico.
- Comprender sus funciones es clave para comprender la mecánica y la economía del funcionamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el trabajo mecánico realizado por los músculos y tendones durante la carrera.
- Para determinar cómo la función muscular influye en el funcionamiento de la economía.
Principales métodos:
- Mediciones directas de la fuerza y la longitud de las fibras en el músculo gastrocnemio lateral de pavos corredores.
- Análisis de la absorción y liberación de trabajo mecánico durante el ciclo de funcionamiento.
Principales resultados:
- Los resortes de los tendones y los músculos proporcionan un trabajo mecánico significativo a través del estiramiento y el retroceso.
- Las fibras musculares activas producen principalmente altas fuerzas para soportar el peso corporal.
- Durante la carrera de nivel, el músculo activo se acorta mínimamente, realizando poco trabajo.
Conclusiones:
- Los músculos funcionan como soportes activos durante la carrera, optimizando la producción de fuerza para el soporte del peso corporal.
- Este mecanismo de "strut" mejora la economía de funcionamiento al minimizar el trabajo muscular activo.
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