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Un estudio prospectivo de los factores de riesgo de embolia pulmonar en mujeres
S Z Goldhaber1, F Grodstein, M J Stampfer
1Channing Laboratory, Boston, Mass, USA. szgoldhabe@bics.bwh.harvard.edu
JAMA
|February 26, 1997
Resumen
La obesidad, el tabaquismo y la hipertensión son factores de riesgo importantes para la embolia pulmonar (EP) en las mujeres. El manejo de estos factores puede reducir el riesgo de EP y enfermedad coronaria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Cardiovasculares Ciencias Cardiovasculares
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud de la Mujer Salud de la Mujer.
Sus antecedentes:
- La embolia pulmonar (EP) es una afección grave con varios factores de riesgo conocidos.
- La identificación de factores de riesgo modificables en las mujeres es crucial para las estrategias preventivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre el estilo de vida y los factores fisiológicos y el riesgo de desarrollar embolia pulmonar en mujeres.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio prospectivo en el que participaron 112.822 mujeres de entre 30 y 55 años de edad, fue seguido durante 16 años (1976-1992).
- Datos recogidos a través de cuestionarios bienales sobre el peso, el tabaquismo, la hipertensión, la diabetes y la hipercolesterolemia.
- Se documentaron 280 casos de embolia pulmonar, de los cuales 125 fueron clasificados como EP primaria.
Principales resultados:
- La obesidad (IMC ≥ 29,0 kg/m2) se asoció de forma independiente con un aumento de casi tres veces el riesgo de EP primaria (RR=2,9).
- El consumo excesivo de cigarrillos (≥35 cigarrillos/día) aumentó significativamente el riesgo de EP primaria (RR=3.3).
- La hipertensión también predijo de manera independiente un mayor riesgo de EP primaria (RR = 1,9), incluso después de ajustar el IMC.
Conclusiones:
- La obesidad, el tabaquismo y la hipertensión son factores de riesgo independientes clave para la embolia pulmonar en las mujeres.
- El control de estos factores de riesgo modificables puede reducir la incidencia de PE.
- Estas intervenciones también podrían reducir el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria.
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