La actividad física y la mortalidad en mujeres posmenopáusicas
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L H Kushi1, R M Fee, A R Folsom
1Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis 55454-1015, USA.
JAMA
|April 23, 1997
Resumen
La actividad física regular reduce significativamente la mortalidad por todas las causas en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Incluso la actividad moderada, tan poco frecuente como una vez por semana, mostró un riesgo reducido de muerte, destacando los beneficios de un estilo de vida activo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología Gerontología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las mujeres posmenopáusicas representan un grupo demográfico significativo con consideraciones de salud únicas.
- Comprender los factores de estilo de vida modificables como la actividad física es crucial para promover la longevidad en esta población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los niveles de actividad física y la mortalidad por cualquier causa en una cohorte de mujeres posmenopáusicas.
- Para determinar si la frecuencia e intensidad de la actividad física influyen en el riesgo de mortalidad.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que participaron 40.417 mujeres posmenopáusicas de entre 55 y 69 años.
- La actividad física se evaluó a través de un cuestionario enviado por correo, con un período de seguimiento de 7 años.
- La mortalidad por todas las causas, las enfermedades cardiovasculares y las enfermedades respiratorias fueron las principales medidas de resultado.
Principales resultados:
- La actividad física regular se asoció con un riesgo significativamente reducido de muerte (RR, 0,77; IC del 95%, 0,66-0,90) después de los ajustes.
- Una frecuencia creciente de actividad física moderada y vigorosa demostró una asociación gradual e inversa con la mortalidad.
- Se observaron riesgos de mortalidad reducidos para las enfermedades cardiovasculares y respiratorias, con beneficios observados incluso para la actividad moderada una vez por semana.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una relación dosis-respuesta entre la actividad física y la reducción de la mortalidad por todas las causas en mujeres posmenopáusicas.
- Los hallazgos apoyan las recomendaciones de salud pública para la actividad física regular, enfatizando su aplicabilidad a las mujeres posmenopáusicas.
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