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Barrios y delitos violentos: un estudio multinivel de la eficacia colectiva
R J Sampson1, S W Raudenbush, F Earls
1Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 15, 1997
Resumen
Los barrios con una fuerte eficacia colectiva, o la cohesión social y la voluntad de intervenir, muestran una reducción de la violencia. Esta fortaleza de la comunidad ayuda a mitigar la violencia, incluso cuando se controlan los factores individuales y las tasas de delincuencia anteriores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Criminología de la Criminología.
- Sociología Urbana Sociología Urbana.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La violencia es un problema social significativo con causas complejas.
- Las dinámicas sociales de la comunidad son cada vez más reconocidas como factores cruciales en la prevención del crimen.
- La eficacia colectiva, una medida de la cohesión social del vecindario y la voluntad de intervenir, es la hipótesis para reducir la violencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para probar la hipótesis de que la eficacia colectiva se asocia con la reducción de la violencia.
- Para examinar la relación entre la eficacia colectiva y la violencia en los barrios de Chicago.
- Determinar si la eficacia colectiva media los efectos de la desventaja concentrada y la inestabilidad residencial en la violencia.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó datos de una encuesta de 1995 de 8782 residentes en 343 vecindarios de Chicago.
- Utilizó análisis a varios niveles para evaluar la asociación entre la eficacia colectiva y la violencia.
- Controlado por características a nivel individual, error de medición y niveles previos de violencia.
Principales resultados:
- La eficacia colectiva demostró una alta confiabilidad entre vecindarios.
- La eficacia colectiva se asoció negativamente con las variaciones en la violencia.
- La desventaja concentrada y la asociación de la inestabilidad residencial con la violencia fueron en gran medida mediadas por la eficacia colectiva.
Conclusiones:
- La eficacia colectiva es un factor importante en la reducción de la violencia en el vecindario.
- Fortalecer la cohesión social de la comunidad y la voluntad de intervenir puede ser una estrategia viable de reducción de la delincuencia.
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a la eficacia colectiva podrían abordar la violencia relacionada con la desventaja social y económica.
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