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Cuidados paliativos en la educación médica de pregrado. Informe de situación y direcciones futuras
1Palliative Care Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114-2698, USA. jbillings@hms.harvard.edu
JAMA
|September 3, 1997
Resumen
Las escuelas de medicina ofrecen educación en atención al final de la vida, pero a menudo es inadecuada, especialmente en entornos clínicos. Mejorar la capacitación en cuidados paliativos requiere una mejor integración y evaluación de los programas educativos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación médica y educación médica.
- Los cuidados paliativos son cuidados paliativos.
- Cuidados al final de la vida.
Sus antecedentes:
- La educación médica de pregrado para la atención al final de la vida está evolucionando.
- La capacitación en cuidados paliativos es crucial para desarrollar las competencias esenciales del médico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el estado actual de la educación en cuidados paliativos dentro de los planes de estudio de medicina de pregrado.
- Proponer recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para mejorar la capacitación en cuidados al final de la vida.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre cuidados paliativos y becas de educación médica.
- Análisis de informes en inglés sobre programas educativos y encuestas de escuelas de medicina.
- Revisión sistemática de 180 artículos seleccionados de más de 9000 citas recuperadas (1980-1996).
Principales resultados:
- La mayoría de las escuelas de medicina ofrecen alguna instrucción de cuidado al final de la vida, pero la capacitación es a menudo insuficiente, especialmente durante los años clínicos.
- La educación en cuidados paliativos tiene un impacto positivo en las actitudes y habilidades de comunicación de los estudiantes.
- Los currículos actuales carecen de integración, dependen en gran medida de las conferencias, son predominantemente preclínicos y ofrecen una exposición limitada a la atención clínica o en el hogar / hospicio.
Conclusiones:
- El creciente énfasis en los cuidados paliativos presenta oportunidades para mejorar la educación médica al final de la vida.
- La evaluación rigurosa de los programas educativos es esencial para identificar e implementar las mejores prácticas en la capacitación en cuidados paliativos.
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