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Proteger a los adolescentes del daño. Resultados del Estudio Longitudinal Nacional sobre la Salud de los Adolescentes
M D Resnick1, P S Bearman, R W Blum
1Adolescent Health Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. resni001@tc.umn.edu
JAMA
|September 18, 1997
Resumen
Los comportamientos de riesgo de los adolescentes están influenciados por el contexto social. Las fuertes conexiones familiares y escolares protegen contra los riesgos, mientras que el fácil acceso a armas y sustancias los aumenta.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud de los Adolescentes.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
- Determinantes sociales de la salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- La salud de los adolescentes está significativamente amenazada por comportamientos de riesgo.
- No se comprende bien la influencia del contexto social en los comportamientos de riesgo de los adolescentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección en la familia, la escuela y los contextos individuales.
- Examinar estos factores en relación con la salud emocional adolescente, la violencia, el consumo de sustancias y la sexualidad.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis transversal de los datos de las entrevistas del Estudio Nacional Longitudinal de la Salud de los Adolescentes.
- Se entrevistaron a 12.118 adolescentes en los grados 7-12.
- Se evaluó la angustia emocional, la tendencia al suicidio, la violencia, el uso de sustancias y las conductas sexuales.
Principales resultados:
- La conexión familiar y escolar fue protectora contra la mayoría de los comportamientos de riesgo.
- El acceso a armas y sustancias en el hogar, y trabajar largas horas, se asociaron con mayores riesgos.
- Las expectativas de los padres y la desaprobación del debut sexual temprano mostraron efectos protectores.
Conclusiones:
- Los entornos familiares y escolares, junto con los rasgos individuales, son determinantes clave de las conductas de salud de los adolescentes.
- Los hallazgos pueden orientar las intervenciones para reducir el riesgo y mejorar los factores de protección para los adolescentes.
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