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Evidencia isotópica de aminoácidos no racémicos extraterrestres en el meteorito Murchison
1School of Geology and Geophysics, The University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA. AB1635@OU.EDU
Nature
|September 26, 1997
Resumen
Los aminoácidos de la Tierra primitiva pueden tener un origen extraterrestre. El meteorito Murchison muestra un exceso de L-enantiómero, lo que sugiere que esta quiralidad es anterior a la vida en la Tierra.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
- La geoquímica orgánica es la geoquímica orgánica.
- El origen de la vida Estudios sobre el origen de la vida
Sus antecedentes:
- Los aminoácidos, bloques de construcción de la vida, existen como L- y D-enantiómeros.
- Se presume que la Tierra primitiva tenía mezclas de aminoácidos racémica de síntesis abiótica.
- El uso exclusivo de los L-aminoácidos en la vida permanece sin explicación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el origen del exceso de L-enantiómero en los aminoácidos extraterrestres.
- Determinar si los impactos de meteoritos podrían explicar el desequilibrio quiral en la Tierra primitiva.
- Confirmar la fuente extraterrestre de los aminoácidos quirales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de enantiómeros de aminoácidos individuales del meteorito Murchison.
- Análisis de isótopos estables (enriquecimiento con 15N) de aminoácidos.
- Comparación de la composición isotópica de aminoácidos extraterrestres con sus contrapartes terrestres.
Principales resultados:
- Los aminoácidos del meteorito Murchison muestran un enriquecimiento en 15N en comparación con las muestras terrestres.
- Esta firma isotópica confirma un origen extraterrestre para el exceso de L-enantiómero observado.
- El exceso de enantiómeros L en los meteoritos sugiere un inventario quiral anterior a la vida.
Conclusiones:
- Fuentes extraterrestres, como los meteoritos, suministraron a la Tierra temprana una mezcla no racémica de aminoácidos.
- Este exceso de L-enantiómero extraterrestre puede haber influido en la homociralidad de la vida.
- Los hallazgos apoyan un origen extraterrestre para el sesgo quiral observado en los sistemas biológicos.
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