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Las leyes estatales de almacenamiento seguro de armas y la mortalidad infantil debido a las armas de fuego
P Cummings1, D C Grossman, F P Rivara
1Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle 98104-2499, USA. peterc@u.washington.edu
JAMA
|October 7, 1997
Resumen
Las leyes estatales de almacenamiento seguro reducen significativamente las muertes involuntarias por disparos en niños menores de 15 años. Estas medidas de seguridad de armas de fuego parecen ser efectivas para prevenir muertes accidentales, aunque los impactos en suicidios y homicidios no fueron significativos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Seguridad infantil Seguridad infantil.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las controvertidas leyes estatales promulgadas desde 1989 responsabilizan a los propietarios de armas por el acceso de niños sin supervisión a las armas de fuego.
- El impacto de estas leyes de seguridad de armas de fuego en la mortalidad infantil sigue siendo en gran medida desconocido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre las leyes estatales de almacenamiento seguro de armas de fuego y las reducciones en la mortalidad infantil por armas de fuego.
- Determinar si las leyes que exigen el almacenamiento seguro de armas de fuego se correlacionan con la disminución de las muertes relacionadas con armas de fuego en niños.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio ecológico que analiza los datos de mortalidad por armas de fuego de 1979-1994 en los 50 estados de EE.UU. y el Distrito de Columbia.
- Centrado en niños menores de 15 años, examinando muertes no intencionales, suicidios y homicidios.
- Utilizó comparaciones dentro del estado ajustadas a las tendencias nacionales.
Principales resultados:
- En 12 estados con leyes de almacenamiento seguro durante al menos un año (1990-1994), las muertes por disparos involuntarios entre niños menores de 15 años disminuyeron en un 23%.
- La reducción observada en las muertes no intencionales por armas de fuego fue estadísticamente significativa (95% IC, 6%-37%).
- Se observaron disminuciones modestas y no significativas en los homicidios y suicidios relacionados con armas de fuego.
Conclusiones:
- Las leyes estatales que promueven el almacenamiento seguro de armas de fuego parecen ser efectivas para prevenir muertes involuntarias por disparos entre niños pequeños.
- La evidencia sugiere que hacer que las armas de fuego sean menos accesibles para los niños a través de leyes de almacenamiento seguro puede salvar vidas.
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