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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection

Published on: December 4, 2010

Exportin 1 (Crm1p) es un factor esencial de las exportaciones nucleares.

K Stade1, C S Ford, C Guthrie

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, 94143-0414, USA.

Cell
|October 10, 1997
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores identificaron CRM1 como una proteína clave para la exportación nuclear en la levadura. Este hallazgo revela un mecanismo crucial para el transporte de proteínas y ARNm fuera del núcleo celular.

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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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Analysis of mRNA Nuclear Export Kinetics in Mammalian Cells by Microinjection
11:32

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Method for the Isolation and Identification of mRNAs, microRNAs and Protein Components of Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from Cell Extracts using RIP-Chip
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Biología molecular La biología molecular.
  • Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La exportación de proteínas nucleares es esencial para la función celular.
  • Los mecanismos precisos de la exportación nuclear, en particular los relacionados con las señales de exportación nuclear (NES, por sus siglas en inglés), siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.
  • Comprender estas vías es fundamental para descifrar los procesos de transporte celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para identificar el mediador clave de la exportación de proteínas nucleares en la levadura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
  • Para aclarar el papel de CRM1 en el transporte nuclear.
  • Para investigar la relación entre las vías de exportación de proteínas y ARNm.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de un nuevo ensayo de exportación de proteínas en S. cerevisiae.
  • Caracterización de la proteína CRM1 y sus interacciones.
  • Análisis de las mutaciones en Crm1p y sus efectos en la exportación nuclear.

Principales resultados:

  • CRM1 fue identificado como un mediador esencial de la exportación de proteínas nucleares en la levadura.
  • Crm1p demostró homología a los factores de transporte beta-como importina.
  • Crm1p interactúa específicamente tanto con los motivos NES como con la Ran GTPasa.
  • Una mutación en Crm1p interrumpió tanto la proteína como la exportación de ARNm, lo que sugiere vías acopladas.

Conclusiones:

  • Crm1p funciona como un portador para la vía de exportación de proteínas mediada por NES.
  • La exportación de proteínas nucleares y la exportación de ARNm están estrechamente acopladas en S. cerevisiae.
  • El estudio propone cambiar el nombre de CRM1 a exportin 1 (XPO1).