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Seguro público de cuidado a largo plazo en Japón
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. ikegami@mc.med.keio.ac.jp
JAMA
|October 29, 1997
Resumen
Japón Japón Japón Japón Japón.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Política de salud Política de salud
- Gerontología Gerontología.
- Seguro Social El seguro social es el seguro social.
Sus antecedentes:
- La sociedad japonesa que envejece rápidamente requiere mayores recursos de atención a largo plazo (LTC, por sus siglas en inglés).
- La insatisfacción con el sistema existente impulsa la necesidad de un programa público de seguro LTC.
- La introducción de un programa nacional de seguro LTC está prevista para Japón en el año 2000.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar la estructura y los desafíos potenciales del programa de seguro público de cuidado a largo plazo propuesto por Japón.
- Identificar las consideraciones clave para una prestación de servicios eficiente y equitativa.
- Para explorar el papel de los médicos en la evolución del panorama de la salud.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los mecanismos de financiación (primas e impuestos) del programa de seguro público japonés de cuidado a largo plazo propuesto.
- Examen de la estructura de beneficios, incluida la atención institucional, la atención de relevo, la atención diurna, la ayuda en el hogar, las enfermeras visitantes y los préstamos de dispositivos.
- Revisión de la clasificación de elegibilidad de 6 niveles propuesta basada en la evaluación del estado funcional y cognitivo.
Principales resultados:
- El programa será financiado en partes iguales por primas de personas mayores de 40 años y impuestos generales.
- Los municipios actuarán como aseguradores, con agrupaciones a nivel nacional para gestionar las variaciones demográficas.
- Los desafíos identificados incluyen la limitación de beneficios, la contención de costos, el diseño de la clasificación de elegibilidad y la efectividad de los instrumentos de evaluación.
Conclusiones:
- El sistema propuesto requiere definir un "paquete básico" de servicios de LTC para todos los ciudadanos.
- La prestación de servicios eficiente y equitativa requiere mecanismos organizativos robustos y herramientas de evaluación.
- La integración de los médicos en este nuevo modelo, potencialmente fuera de las funciones médicas tradicionales, presenta un desafío significativo del siglo XXI.
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