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Optimization of Synthetic Proteins: Identification of Interpositional Dependencies Indicating Structurally and/or Functionally Linked Residues
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Una perspectiva genómica sobre las familias de proteínas
R L Tatusov1, E V Koonin, D J Lipman
1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 24, 1997
Resumen
Los investigadores clasificaron los genes conservados en 720 Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) mediante la comparación de proteínas en diversos genomas. Este marco ayuda a comprender la función génica y las relaciones evolutivas, especialmente para genomas mal caracterizados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- La bioinformática es la bioinformática.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La secuenciación del genoma está avanzando rápidamente, generando grandes cantidades de datos.
- Clasificar los genes conservados basados en la homología es crucial para extraer la máxima información.
- Comprender las relaciones homólogas ayuda en el análisis del genoma funcional y evolutivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Clasificar los genes conservados por sus relaciones homólogas.
- Establecer un marco para el análisis del genoma funcional y evolutivo.
- Para permitir predicciones funcionales para genomas mal caracterizados.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de proteínas codificadas en siete genomas completos de cinco linajes filogenéticos principales.
- Elucidación de patrones consistentes de similitudes de secuencias.
- Delimitación de las agrupaciones de grupos ortólogos (COG).
Principales resultados:
- Se delinearon 720 Clusters de Grupos Ortólogos (COG, por sus siglas en inglés).
- Cada COG comprende proteínas ortólogas o parálogos de al menos tres linajes.
- Se encontró que los ortólogos típicamente comparten la misma función.
Conclusiones:
- Los COG proporcionan un marco para el análisis funcional y evolutivo del genoma.
- La información funcional se puede transferir dentro de un COG, ayudando en las predicciones de genomas no caracterizados.
- Este sistema de clasificación mejora la utilidad de la acumulación de datos de secuencia del genoma.
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01:57Gene Families
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
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02:47Protein Families
Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
02:26Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain. Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
01:57Gene Families
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
02:47Protein Families
Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
02:26Conservation of Protein Domains
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain. Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...