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Actualización sobre la prevención de la malaria para los viajeros
1Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. hol1@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 5, 1997
Resumen
Los proveedores de atención médica deben mantenerse actualizados sobre la prevención de la malaria, especialmente para los viajeros. Se recomienda la mefloquina, pero la resistencia y los efectos secundarios requieren una cuidadosa consideración de las alternativas y el uso racional de medicamentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Médicas Ciencias Médicas.
- La Medicina Tropical es una medicina tropical.
- Farmacología Farmacología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los viajes internacionales a regiones endémicas de malaria requieren estrategias actualizadas de prevención de la malaria para los viajeros.
- La evolución de la resistencia a los medicamentos y los perfiles de tolerabilidad de los medicamentos antimaláricos requieren revisiones periódicas de las directrices.
- Se necesita una atención especial para la profilaxis contra la malaria Plasmodium falciparum resistente a la cloroquina.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las recomendaciones actuales para la prevención de la malaria (quimioprofilaxis) para los viajeros.
- Discutir la eficacia, la tolerabilidad y las limitaciones de los medicamentos antimaláricos de uso común.
- Para resaltar la necesidad de un uso racional de las drogas y el futuro desarrollo de drogas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las directrices actuales y la literatura sobre quimioprofilaxis de la malaria.
- Análisis de los patrones de susceptibilidad a los fármacos de Plasmodium falciparum.
- Evaluación de los perfiles de efectos adversos y contraindicaciones de los medicamentos antimaláricos.
Principales resultados:
- La mefloquina es el agente profiláctico preferido por la mayoría de los viajeros, a pesar de la resistencia emergente en el sudeste asiático y las preocupaciones anecdóticas sobre los efectos secundarios.
- La doxiciclina es una alternativa, pero requiere dosis diarias y tiene contraindicaciones.
- La cloroquina solo es efectiva en regiones geográficas específicas (América Central, el Caribe, partes del Medio Oriente).
Conclusiones:
- El uso racional de los medicamentos antipalúdicos existentes es crucial para prolongar su eficacia debido al limitado desarrollo de nuevos fármacos.
- La investigación continua y el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos antipalúdicos son esenciales para la futura prevención de la malaria.
- Los proveedores de atención médica deben estar informados sobre las directrices actuales de profilaxis de la malaria para garantizar la seguridad de los viajeros.
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