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Observaciones geodésicas espaciales de la convergencia Nazca-América del Sur a través de los Andes centrales
Norabuena1, Leffler-Griffin, Mao
1E. Norabuena, Instituto Geofisico del Peru, Apartado 3747, Lima 100, Peru, and Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA. L. Leffler-Griffin and S. Stein, Departme.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 22, 1998
Resumen
Los datos geodésicos espaciales revelan un movimiento significativo de las placas en el límite de las placas de Nazca y América del Sur. La mayor parte de la convergencia se acumula en la interfaz bloqueada, lo que representa un riesgo de terremotos, mientras que el acortamiento continúa en el interior de la construcción de las montañas andinas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
- Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- El límite convergente entre las placas de Nazca y Sudamérica es un área clave para comprender los procesos tectónicos.
- Estudios previos han indicado complejos patrones de deformación dentro de esta zona.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para cuantificar las velocidades y direcciones de movimiento a través de la frontera entre la placa de Nazca y América del Sur en Perú y Bolivia.
- Para entender la partición de la deformación entre la interfaz de la placa y la corteza continental.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos geodésicos espaciales (por ejemplo, GPS, InSAR).
- Modelado de la deformación de la corteza terrestre y la acumulación de deformación.
Principales resultados:
- Aproximadamente 30-40 mm / año de convergencia se acumula en la interfaz de placa bloqueada, lo que indica el potencial de futuros grandes terremotos.
- Se produce un acortamiento de 10-15 mm/año de la corteza en el pliegue y el cinturón de empuje subandinos, lo que contribuye a la elevación andina.
- Se observó un movimiento limitado a lo largo de la zanja (5-10 mm / año) de las franjas de arco frontal costeras a pesar de la convergencia oblicua.
Conclusiones:
- El límite de la placa de Nazca-Sudamérica se está deformando activamente, con una acumulación de tensión significativa en el megatrust.
- El continuo acortamiento de la corteza continental en el interior destaca el continuo crecimiento de la cordillera de los Andes.
- El patrón de deformación observado proporciona información crucial sobre la mecánica de la orogénesis del margen continental y el peligro sísmico.
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