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Esponjas del Precámbrico con estructuras celulares.

Li1, Chen, Hua

  • 1C.-W. Li and T.-E. Hua, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, China. J.-Y. Chen, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing, China.

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PubMed
Resumen

Las esponjas fósiles de la Formación Doushantuo, que datan de hace 580 millones de años, revelan la vida animal temprana. Estas primeras Porifera (esponjas) existían millones de años antes de la Explosión Cámbrica.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Paleontología Paleontología.
  • El comienzo de la vida Evolución de la evolución.
  • Biología precámbrica Biología precámbrica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El depósito de fosfato de Doushantuo en el sur de China conserva una vida metazoal excepcionalmente temprana.
  • Comprender los orígenes de los filos animales requiere examinar fósiles de los ecosistemas del Precámbrico.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los restos de esponjas de la Formación Doushantuo del Vendiano Temprano.
  • Para caracterizar la morfología y las afinidades taxonómicas de estas antiguas esponjas.
  • Evaluar las implicaciones para la línea de tiempo de la evolución animal.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis fósil de espículas siliciosas y tejidos blandos preservados.
  • Comparación morfológica con larvas de esponjas existentes y fósiles.
  • Datación geológica del depósito de fosfato de Doushantuo.

Principales resultados:

  • Restos identificados de esponjas (Porifera, Demospongiae) con espículas monaxonales, que datan de hace aproximadamente 580 millones de años.
  • Los tejidos blandos conservados incluyen la epidermis, los porócitos, los amebocitos, los esclerócitos y el spongocoel.
  • Se descubrieron larvas de esponjas del tipo parenquimela y posibles larvas de anfiblastas, lo que indica una vida de esponja diversa y una posible historia de esponja calcárea.

Conclusiones:

  • La fauna esponjosa de Doushantuo representa algunos de los primeros animales complejos, anteriores a la explosión cámbrica por 40-50 millones de años.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren que las esponjas, incluidas las esponjas potencialmente calcáreas, tuvieron una historia evolutiva significativa en el Precámbrico Tardío.
  • Este descubrimiento proporciona evidencia crucial para la diversificación temprana de los metazoos.