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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 12, 2026

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
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Published on: October 22, 2018

FACT, un factor que facilita el alargamiento de la transcripción a través de los nucleosomas.

G Orphanides1, G LeRoy, C H Chang

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854, USA.

Cell
|March 7, 1998
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La remodelación de la cromatina permite el inicio de la transcripción, pero requiere que la proteína FACT supere un bloqueo inducido por el nucleosoma para el alargamiento productivo de la transcripción. FACT facilita el paso de la ARN polimerasa II a través de los nucleosomas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Expresión génica de la expresión génica.
  • Estructura de la cromatina La estructura de la cromatina

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transcripción por la ARN polimerasa II es un proceso fundamental regulado por la cromatina.
  • La remodelación de la cromatina es crucial para el inicio de la transcripción, pero puede impedir la elongación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los factores necesarios para la transcripción productiva de las plantillas de cromatina.
  • Identificar y caracterizar los factores accesorios involucrados en la superación de los bloqueos de transcripción.

Principales métodos:

  • Ensamblaje in vitro de las plantillas de cromatina.
  • Reconstitución de la transcripción con factores generales de transcripción humanos y la ARN polimerasa II.
  • Purificación y caracterización bioquímica de un nuevo factor accesorio.

Principales resultados:

  • La remodelación de la cromatina inducida por activador promovió la formación e iniciación del complejo de preiniciación.
  • La ARN polimerasa II encontró un bloqueo a la transcripción productiva después de la iniciación en la cromatina remodelada.
  • Un factor purificado, FACT (facilita la transcripción de la cromatina), fue identificado como esencial para superar este bloqueo.
  • FACT facilita el paso de la ARN polimerasa II a través de los nucleosomas, lo que permite el alargamiento de la transcripción.

Conclusiones:

  • La transcripción productiva a través de la cromatina requiere más que una simple iniciación.
  • FACT es un nuevo factor proteico esencial para superar los bloqueos inducidos por los nucleosomas para la elongación de la transcripción.
  • FACT juega un papel crítico en la facilitación de la procesividad de la ARN polimerasa II a través del ADN nucleosómico.