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Evidencia de la conservación evolutiva de los genes que determinan el sexo
C S Raymond1, C E Shamu, M M Shen
1Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Nature
|March 7, 1998
Resumen
Una familia de genes conservados, el dominio DM, regula el desarrollo sexual en diversos grupos de animales. Este descubrimiento sugiere un origen evolutivo compartido para los mecanismos de determinación del sexo en metazoos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- La mayoría de los metazoos exhiben dos sexos, sin embargo, se pensaba que los mecanismos de determinación del sexo eran muy divergentes entre los filos.
- Análisis moleculares anteriores sugirieron diferencias significativas en la forma en que varios grupos de animales establecen las características sexuales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la conservación evolutiva de los genes que determinan el sexo.
- Identificar los mecanismos moleculares comunes que subyacen a la regulación sexual en diferentes filos de animales.
Principales métodos:
- Aislamiento y caracterización del gen regulador sexual masculino mab-3 de Caenorhabditis elegans.
- Análisis comparativo de mab-3 con el gen de doble sexo (dsx) de Drosophila melanogaster.
- Identificación y análisis de expresión de un homólogo humano, DMT1, que contiene el dominio DM.
Principales resultados:
- El gen mab-3 de C. elegans está estructuralmente y funcionalmente relacionado con el gen dsx de D. melanogaster.
- Ambos genes codifican proteínas con un motivo de unión al ADN conservado, denominado "dominio DM".
- Las proteínas del dominio DM regulan la diferenciación de los neuroblastos específicos del sexo y la transcripción génica de la proteína de la yema en ambas especies, con evidencia de conservación funcional entre especies.
Conclusiones:
- Un origen evolutivo compartido para los aspectos clave de la regulación sexual es sugerido por el dominio DM conservado.
- La identificación de un gen del dominio DM humano (DMT1), expresado en los testículos y ubicado cerca de una región asociada con la inversión de sexo XY, implica un papel en el desarrollo sexual de los mamíferos.
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