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La regla de Cope y la dinámica de la evolución de la masa corporal en los mamíferos fósiles de América del Norte
1Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
Resumen
Los mamíferos fósiles en América del Norte muestran una tendencia a aumentar el tamaño corporal dentro de los linajes con el tiempo, lo que apoya a Cope.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología Paleontología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Evolución de los mamíferos Evolución de los mamíferos
Sus antecedentes:
- La regla de Cope describe la tendencia general de aumento del tamaño corporal en los mamíferos a lo largo del tiempo evolutivo.
- Estudios anteriores han debatido si esta tendencia es un verdadero patrón evolutivo o el resultado de sesgos de muestreo.
- Comprender la evolución del tamaño es crucial para reconstruir los ecosistemas del pasado y la dinámica evolutiva.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la tendencia de la evolución de la masa corporal en los mamíferos fósiles de América del Norte.
- Para determinar si el aumento en el tamaño corporal se produce dentro de los linajes o debido a otros factores.
- Para evaluar la relación entre el tamaño corporal y los patrones evolutivos observados.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizaron las estimaciones de masa corporal de 1534 especies de mamíferos fósiles de América del Norte.
- Examinó las tendencias evolutivas dentro de los géneros para identificar los efectos dentro del linaje.
- Evaluó la influencia del tamaño corporal en los patrones evolutivos observados a lo largo del Cenozoico.
Principales resultados:
- Las nuevas especies de mamíferos fósiles son, en promedio, un 9,1% más grandes que las especies más antiguas dentro de los mismos géneros.
- Este aumento de tamaño dentro del linaje es consistente a lo largo del Cenozoico y explica la regla de Cope.
- El efecto es más pronunciado en los mamíferos más grandes y mínimo en los más pequeños.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio confirma un aumento persistente dentro del linaje en la masa corporal de los mamíferos fósiles de América del Norte.
- Este patrón explica el aumento gradual del tamaño corporal promedio de los mamíferos durante el Cenozoico.
- Las variaciones de tamaño observadas ayudan a explicar algunos, pero no todos, los aspectos de la evolución del tamaño de los mamíferos, particularmente en lo que respecta a los límites superiores de tamaño.
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