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Principios para la gobernanza sostenible de los océanos

Costanza¹, Andrade, Antunes

¹R. Costanza, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Biology Dept., and Inst. for Ecological Economics, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. F. Andrade, Marine Laboratory of Guia, Sciences Faculty of Lisbon Univ. (FCUL), Estrada do Guincho, 2750 Cascais, Portugal. P. Antunes and R. Santos, Ecoman Center, Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2825 Monte da Caparica, Portugal. M. van den Belt, Ecological Economics Research and Applications, Inc., P.O. Box 1589, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. D. Boersma, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. D. Boesch, Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA. F. Catarino, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. of Lisbon, Rua Escola Politecnica, 58, 1250 Lisbon, Portugal. S. Hanna, Dept. of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Oregon State Univ., Corvalis, OR 97331-3601, USA. K. Limburg, Dept. of Systems Ecology, Univ. of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. B. Low, School of Natural Resources, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1115, USA. M. Molitor, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia Univ., P.O. Box 689, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA. J. G. Pereira, Dept. of Oceanography and Fisheries, Univ. of the Azores, PT 9900 Horta, Azores, Portugal. S. Rayner, Battelle, 901 D Street SW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024-2115, USA. J. Wilson, School of Marine Sciences, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741, USA. M. Young, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond, Australia 5064.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 11, 1998

Resumen

Los ecosistemas oceánicos se enfrentan a crecientes presiones por la sobrepesca, la contaminación y el cambio climático. Este estudio propone seis principios básicos para la gobernanza y gestión sostenible de los recursos oceánicos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Marina Biología Marina.
Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Oceanografía La oceanografía es la oceanografía.

Sus antecedentes:

Los ecosistemas oceánicos están bajo una amenaza significativa por múltiples factores de estrés antropogénicos.
La sobrepesca, la contaminación y el cambio climático son los principales impulsores de la degradación del ecosistema marino.

Objetivo del estudio:

Proponer un marco para la gobernanza sostenible de los recursos oceánicos.
Esbozar seis principios básicos para guiar la gestión y el uso de los recursos marinos.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre los desafíos actuales de la gobernanza de los océanos.
Síntesis de la investigación existente sobre la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas marinos.
Desarrollo de un conjunto de principios rectores basados en el consenso científico.

Principales resultados:

Identificación de seis principios esenciales para una gobernanza efectiva de los océanos.
Se proporcionan ejemplos de estructuras de gobierno que se alinean con estos principios.
Los principios propuestos abordan la conservación de la biodiversidad, el control de la contaminación y la adaptación al cambio climático.

Conclusiones:

La implementación de estos seis principios puede mejorar la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas oceánicos.
La gobernanza efectiva es crucial para mitigar los impactos de las actividades humanas en los entornos marinos.
Se necesita un enfoque proactivo e integrado para garantizar la salud a largo plazo de nuestros océanos.

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