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El glutamato media un potencial postsináptico inhibidor en las neuronas de la dopamina
1Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.
Nature
|July 17, 1998
Resumen
El glutamato, un neurotransmisor cerebral primario, interviene exclusivamente en la inhibición a través de los receptores metabotrópicos (mGluR1) en las neuronas dopaminérgicas. Este descubrimiento desafía la visión del glutamato como únicamente excitatorio, revelando su doble papel en la transmisión sináptica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología celular Biología celular.
- La neuroquímica es la neuroquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La comunicación neuronal se basa en el glutamato y el GABA, que median la excitación y la inhibición a través de los receptores ionotrópicos.
- El glutamato también activa los receptores metabotrópicos, induciendo una excitación neuronal más lenta a través de vías de segundo mensajero.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar un nuevo potencial postsináptico inhibidor (IPSP) mediado por los receptores metabotrópicos de glutamato (mGluR).
- Aclarar los mecanismos subyacentes a la inhibición mediada por mGluR en las neuronas de dopamina del cerebro medio ventral.
Principales métodos:
- La activación de los receptores metabotrópicos del glutamato (mGluR1) en las neuronas dopaminérgicas.
- Medición de la movilización de calcio de las reservas intracelulares.
- Evaluación de los cambios en la conductividad del potasio sensible a la apamina.
- Análisis de los efectos de la duración de la exposición al agonista en la respuesta neuronal.
Principales resultados:
- La activación de mGluR1 movilizó el calcio de las reservas sensibles a la cafeína/rianodina.
- Se identificó una conductancia única de potasio sensible a la apamina, distinta de las IPSP lentas descritas anteriormente.
- La activación breve de mGluR1 indujo la hiperpolarización, mientras que la aplicación prolongada condujo a la desensibilización y la despolarización.
Conclusiones:
- Los receptores metabotrópicos de glutamato (mGluR1) median una nueva forma de inhibición sináptica en las neuronas dopaminérgicas.
- El glutamato liberado sinápticamente puede inducir una excitación rápida seguida de una inhibición, lo que demuestra un doble papel.
- La función del glutamato en la transmisión sináptica es más compleja de lo que se entendía anteriormente, ya que implica tanto acciones excitatorias como inhibidoras.
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