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La salud de las mujeres y los derechos humanos en Afganistán
JAMA
|August 13, 1998
Resumen
El régimen talibán en Afganistán afectó gravemente la salud y los derechos humanos de las mujeres, lo que condujo a problemas generalizados de salud mental y al acceso restringido a la atención. A pesar de estos desafíos, las mujeres afganas apoyan abrumadoramente sus derechos humanos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Derechos Humanos Derechos del hombre Derechos humanos Derechos del hombre
- Sociología Sociología Sociología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las convulsiones sociales y políticas en Afganistán han alterado significativamente la vida, especialmente para las mujeres.
- El ascenso al poder del régimen talibán en 1996 trajo profundas consecuencias para la salud de las mujeres afganas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las condiciones de salud y derechos humanos de las mujeres en Kabul bajo el régimen talibán.
- Evaluar el impacto del gobierno talibán en el bienestar físico y mental de las mujeres y el acceso a la atención médica.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una encuesta transversal con 160 mujeres que vivían en Kabul antes de la toma del poder por parte de los talibanes.
- Los participantes incluyeron 80 mujeres en Kabul y 80 mujeres afganas que recientemente emigraron a Pakistán.
- Los datos recopilados incluyeron cambios autoinformados en la salud, el acceso a la atención médica, el trauma, los abusos contra los derechos humanos y las actitudes hacia los derechos de las mujeres.
Principales resultados:
- La mayoría de las mujeres reportaron disminuciones en la salud física (71%) y mental (81%), y un acceso reducido a la atención médica (62%).
- Alta prevalencia de síntomas de salud mental que incluyen trastorno de estrés postraumático (42%), depresión mayor (97%) y ansiedad (86%).
- Se informó de traumas significativos relacionados con la guerra, incluidos miembros de la familia asesinados (84%), detención / abuso (69%) y actividades sociales restringidas (68%).
Conclusiones:
- El trauma relacionado con la guerra y los abusos de los derechos humanos por parte de los talibanes han afectado profundamente la salud de las mujeres afganas.
- Las políticas de los talibanes están desalineadas con las necesidades y los derechos de las mujeres afganas, que apoyan abrumadoramente los derechos humanos de las mujeres.
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