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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Direct Motor Pathways01:11

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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Measuring Connectivity in the Primary Visual Pathway in Human Albinism Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography
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Enlaces en la vía axial izquierda/derecha.

R P Harvey1

  • 1Developmental Biology Unit, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.

Cell
|August 26, 1998
PubMed
Resumen

Los científicos han delineado la vía de asimetría izquierda-derecha (L/R) de los vertebrados desde el desarrollo hasta la formación de órganos. La comprensión de este camino.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
  • Genética La genética.
  • La organogénesis es la organogénesis.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La asimetría izquierda-derecha (L/R) de los vertebrados es crucial para el posicionamiento adecuado de los órganos.
  • Los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes al establecimiento de la vía L / R siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.
  • Los trastornos de la lateralidad compleja en humanos resaltan la importancia de estudiar la regulación de la vía L/R.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar una comprensión fundamental de la vía L/R de los vertebrados.
  • Para resaltar la naturaleza intrincada y la fragilidad potencial del desarrollo de la asimetría L/R.

Principales métodos:

  • Este estudio presenta una visión general conceptual basada en la investigación existente.

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  • Sintetiza los conocimientos actuales sobre la vía L/R desde el desarrollo temprano hasta la organogénesis.
  • Principales resultados:

    • Se ha establecido un modelo preliminar de la vía L/R de los vertebrados.
    • La complejidad inherente y la sensibilidad de este proceso de desarrollo son evidentes.

    Conclusiones:

    • La vía L/R de los vertebrados, aunque compleja, exhibe patrones claros de huevo a órgano.
    • La investigación adicional es esencial para aclarar completamente esta vía y su papel en la prevención de los trastornos de la lateralidad.