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Abuso sexual de niños: definición, prevalencia, correlaciones, secuelas y gestión
1Department of Medicine, Leonard Davis Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104-6021, USA. holmeswc@mail.med.upenn.edu
JAMA
|December 10, 1998
Resumen
El abuso sexual de niños es común, poco reportado y poco tratado, con una prevalencia muy variable. Los profesionales de la salud necesitan una mayor conciencia y sensibilidad a este tema en pacientes masculinos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
- Criminología de la Criminología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El abuso sexual de niños es una preocupación significativa de salud pública.
- La investigación existente presenta diversas definiciones y estimaciones de prevalencia.
- La comprensión de los correlatos, secuelas y manejo es crucial para la intervención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para definir el abuso sexual de niños.
- Para actualizar las estimaciones de prevalencia.
- Para explorar correlaciones, secuelas y estrategias de gestión.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados entre 1985 y 1997.
- Ha realizado búsquedas en OVID-MEDLINE y OVID-CINAHL utilizando los términos: abuso sexual, victimización sexual, agresión sexual.
- Se incluyeron estudios revisados por pares con diseños claros, al menos 20 sujetos masculinos y muestras de América del Norte.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 166 estudios que representan 149 muestras, con limitaciones metodológicas.
- Las estimaciones de prevalencia oscilaron entre el 4% y el 76%, influenciadas por la definición y la población.
- Los factores de riesgo incluyen edad más joven, etnia no blanca, bajo estatus socioeconómico; las secuelas incluyen angustia psicológica y abuso de sustancias.
Conclusiones:
- El abuso sexual de niños es frecuente, poco reportado, poco reconocido y poco tratado.
- La investigación futura necesita definiciones más claras, un mejor muestreo y una recopilación de datos rigurosa.
- Los proveedores de atención médica deben aumentar la conciencia y la sensibilidad al abuso sexual en pacientes varones.
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