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Acceso a medicamentos esenciales en los países pobres: ¿una batalla perdida?
B Pécoul1, P Chirac, P Trouiller
1Fondation Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France. office@paris.msf.org
JAMA
|February 3, 1999
Resumen
El acceso a los medicamentos esenciales en los países en desarrollo está severamente limitado por medicamentos de baja calidad, altos costos y investigación estancada. Abordar estas cuestiones es crucial para la equidad mundial en salud y el tratamiento eficaz de las enfermedades.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Política Farmacéutica La política farmacéutica es la política que se aplica a los productos farmacéuticos.
- Química Medicinal La Química Medicinal es un campo de estudio de la química medicinal.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los tratamientos efectivos con medicamentos a menudo no están disponibles o son inasequibles en los países de bajos ingresos para enfermedades críticas.
- Las enfermedades que afectan desproporcionadamente al mundo en desarrollo, como la tripanosomiasis africana y la tuberculosis, carecen de opciones de tratamiento adecuadas.
- La investigación y el desarrollo para las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas han disminuido significativamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar los desafíos multifacéticos en el acceso a medicamentos de calidad para enfermedades prevalentes en el mundo en desarrollo.
- Analizar el impacto de la calidad de los medicamentos, la disponibilidad, el costo y los marcos regulatorios en el acceso al tratamiento.
- Explorar las implicaciones de los acuerdos comerciales internacionales en la disponibilidad farmacéutica.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura y análisis de los datos existentes sobre la calidad de los medicamentos, la dinámica del mercado y las tendencias de investigación y desarrollo.
- Examen de estudios de casos relacionados con enfermedades específicas que afectan a los países en desarrollo.
- Evaluación de la influencia de las estructuras y regulaciones del mercado farmacéutico global.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de medicamentos de calidad inferior y falsificados representa una amenaza significativa para la seguridad del paciente y la eficacia del tratamiento.
- La disponibilidad de medicamentos esenciales se ve obstaculizada por la producción inconsistente, los precios altos y la retirada del mercado.
- El mercado farmacéutico actual y los sistemas regulatorios crean barreras para el acceso a los medicamentos y la innovación para las enfermedades desatendidas.
Conclusiones:
- Necesidad urgente de mejorar el control de calidad de los medicamentos, aumentar la disponibilidad de medicamentos esenciales y revitalizar la investigación y el desarrollo para las enfermedades que afectan al mundo en desarrollo.
- La investigación basada en el campo es necesaria para optimizar la utilización de drogas e impulsar la innovación.
- Las políticas comerciales internacionales requieren una cuidadosa consideración para garantizar que no impidan el acceso a medicamentos viejos y nuevos vitales.
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