パキスタンにおける小児性下痢に対するハエの制御の影響:コミュニティによるランダム化試験
D C Chavasse1, R P Shier, O A Murphy
1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 19, 1999
まとめ
昆虫駆除剤によるハエ駆除は,開発途上国の幼い子供における下痢疾患の発生率を大幅に減少させた. このフライコントロール戦略は,下痢性疾患に対する公衆衛生介入の有望さを示しています.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- 感染症疫学 感染症疫学
- ベクター制御のベクトル制御は,ベクトル制御のベクトル制御です.
背景:
- 下痢性疾患は,毎年何百万人もの子供の死亡の原因となり,開発途上国には効果的な予防戦略が必要になります.
- ハエは下痢性疾患の媒介者であると疑われるが,ハエの制御への影響に関する確固たる証拠は不足している.
- この研究では,開発途上国の環境における下痢の発生に対する殺虫剤の噴霧の影響を調査した.
研究 の 目的:
- 5歳未満の小児における下痢の発生率に対する,殺虫剤によるハエ駆除の影響を評価する.
- 虫殺剤のスプレーの効果と,下痢疾患を減らすための介入の欠如の効果を比較する.
- 補足的な制御方法として,餌付きのフライトラップの有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 6つの村を対象としたランダム化研究で,特定の季節の治療群でハエの制御のために殺虫剤を適用した.
- 5歳未満の子供の下痢エピソードは,母親の報告を通じて毎週モニタリングされました.
- センチネル化合物の粘着性フライペーパーを使用して,フライの密度を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 昆虫駆除剤の噴霧により,1995年と1996年の対象の季節において,蚊は効果的に排除されました.
- ハエの季節の対照村と比較して,スプレーされた村では下痢の発生率が23%減少した (p=0.007).
- ハエの季節以外では,下痢の発生率の有意な差は認められませんでしたが,餌の罠は効果的ではありませんでした.
結論:
- 昆虫駆除剤の噴霧によるハエ駆除は,開発途上国における下痢の発生率を大幅に減らすことができます.
- この介入の効果は,現在の世界保健機関 (WHO) が推奨する下痢疾患対策プログラムに匹敵するか,それよりも大きい.
- 蚊媒介疾患の伝播中断技術のさらなる研究と開発は極めて重要です.
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